heterosexual difficulties, he sometimes would resort to such immature forms of gratification as masturbation or homosexuality. This regression allows the man to discharge libidinal
energy in a “safe” way. However, it also prevents him from trying to solve his present interpersonal problem McConell, 1980:488-489.
3. The Relations between Literature and Psychology
In the history of psychoanalytic criticism, the very first time it is introduced as psychobiography. This method tries to relate the biographical data of the author to the latent
content of his or her work. In 1950s, the method turns to the character analysis, studying the various aspects of characters’ mind Bressler, 1998:161. Psychoanalytical literary criticism
is then divided into four kinds depending on the object of attention. Eagleton proposes that psychoanalytical literary criticism can attend to the author of the work;to the work’s
content;to its formal construction;or to the reader 1996:155. This study uses the work’s content as the object.
In relation to literature, Freud believes that a work of literature is the external expression of the author’s unconscious mind. The work of literature is the outward
manifestation of the author’s repressed wish. Therefore, it might be considered as the dream or fantasy of the author Bressler, 1998:159. The Psychoanalytic critic believes that
somewhere beyond various levels of the story, there are the real meanings or interpretations of it, hidden and consored.
According to the concept of jouissance which is translated in English as pleasure, it can be said that literature and psychoanalysis have a simple connection in between. Since
human always instinctively avoids pain and seeks pleasure, every little action that human does is expected to lead human into pleasure. Reading literature is also included in such
action. Therefore, the reason why people read works of literature is because “they find them pleasurable” Eagleton, 1996:166.
To understand why works of literature are considered to be pleasurable, it should be related to the previous explanation about the statement that is the manifestation of repressed
things. Eagleton describes the reason that transforms our deepest anxieties and desires into socially acceptable meanings.
e. Theoretical Framework
All the theories above will be used to find the answer all of the problems. In this study, the writer will emphasize to analyze the characters of Suzie. The theory of characterization
by M.J Murphy is needed to analyze the character of Suzie. It helps the writer to answer the first problem formulation.
According to Tyson, the goal of psychoanalysis is to help us resolve psychological problems often called disorders and none of us is completely free of psychological problems
2013:12. That is why this theory is needed to answer the second problem formulation. After the writer analyze and understand the main character quality of fearful by theory of
characterization, the writer will be able to analyze the defense mechanisms that are reflected on the main character by using the theory of psychoanalysis.
