action. Therefore, the reason why people read works of literature is because “they find them pleasurable” Eagleton, 1996:166.
To understand why works of literature are considered to be pleasurable, it should be related to the previous explanation about the statement that is the manifestation of repressed
things. Eagleton describes the reason that transforms our deepest anxieties and desires into socially acceptable meanings.
e. Theoretical Framework
All the theories above will be used to find the answer all of the problems. In this study, the writer will emphasize to analyze the characters of Suzie. The theory of characterization
by M.J Murphy is needed to analyze the character of Suzie. It helps the writer to answer the first problem formulation.
According to Tyson, the goal of psychoanalysis is to help us resolve psychological problems often called disorders and none of us is completely free of psychological problems
2013:12. That is why this theory is needed to answer the second problem formulation. After the writer analyze and understand the main character quality of fearful by theory of
characterization, the writer will be able to analyze the defense mechanisms that are reflected on the main character by using the theory of psychoanalysis.
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
A. Object of the Study
This research is done on a short story written by Sally Potter titled “The Man Who Cried”. Before being published in the form of short story, this story is published in the form
of written text.This story is published in 1993 as a TV film. The very first version of the short story is published in 2000 in the United States. The short story which is used in this
research is the edition that is published by Faber and faberlimited. The story tells about a
young Jewish girl. She grows up in England after being separated from her father in Soviet Russia. Then, she moves to Paris in her adulthood.
“The Man who Cried”is a story by Sally Potter forced migration and victimization. The story tells about a girl named Fegele
lives with her grandmother’s and her father’s departure to seek the family fortune in America. Fegele moves to England. Her name and
identity are changed by her adoptive Christian parents. Fegele changes her name, Suzie. She finds an escape route to Paris with a travelling cabaret troupe because she is unable to adjust
to her sick adoptive home and courtesy of her unusual singing. In this story, Suzie’s continental drift is temporarily halted as she establishes herself in the chorus of a Parisian
opera company and is befriended by fellow Russian, the socially ambitious Lola. Both women form liaisons with men in the opera company and these developing relationships are
played out against the increasingly fraught backdrop of the German invasion and occupation of Paris.
16 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
B. Approach of the Study
In Bressler’s Literary Criticism: An Introduction to Theory and Practice, psychoanalytic criticism is used to make a criticism on a literary work. Psychoanalytic
criticism is first developed by Sigmund Freud and as the time went by, it has been becoming more complex as it has diversed form of development. Psychoanalytic criticism is firstly
introduced as the therapy for people with psychological disturbance. As it is developed into a literary criticism, it is still related to the concept of clinical psychoanalysis.
Bressler states that psychoanalytic criticism is an approach to literary analysis that holds that humans as the complex yet somewhat understandable creatures often fail to note
the influence of the unconscious on our motivations and our everyday actions 1999:161. This idea is the starting point of the analysis of this research since related to the topic that
the writer would like to discuss next. In this kind of criticism, the critic has to read the text of the unconscious. It might be
meant to seek what the text does not say or to read the hidden meaning of the text. Psychoanalysis does not only do that, but also does the steps of uncovering the processes,
the dream-work, by which that text is produced. . This literary approach helps the writer to analyze the psychological problems and self-
defense mechanisms of the main character, Suzie. Although psychoanalytic criticism comes from the field of psychology, it is relevant to be used as an approach to analyze the literary
work because psychology and literature are closely related subjects.
C. Method of the Study
This research applied library research. It is a method to get the material or data taken from the library. Primary and Secondary sources are used in this research. The primary
