such as Input Hypothesis, Output Hypothesis and Interaction Hypothesis. The specific explanations will be listed below.
2.1.5.1 Comprehensible Input Hypothesis
Input plays a critical role in language learning. There is no learning without input. The language used by the teacher affects the language produced by the
learners, in the interaction generate, and the kind of learning takes places. The problem is what type and how much of input is appropriate and effective for
language learners in the classroom. Input is defined as language as language which a learner hears or receives and from which her or she can learn Ellis, 2008. How
long has the child been learning the language? The amount of language to which the students has already knew about the language.
Figure 2.1 Input and Attributes in L2 Acquisitions Adapted from Brown 2007
Krashen’s Input Hypothesis proposes that comprehensible input is essential for the learner to acquire a language Krashen, 1982: 22. Krashen further maintains that
learner will begin to produce the language naturally when they have enough exposure PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
to comprehensible input. According to the input hypothesis explained by Krashen, the input must be comprehensible in that it is near the learner’s current level of
development, called I, and the level that learner will get to next must slightly beyond the level at which he or she has already acquired, called i+1Krashen, 1982. This
argument is in line with Miles 2004 that teacher should use target language in delivering the lesson.
In Krashen’s view, acquisition takes place of a learner’s access to comprehensible input. He comments that the input, which is totally incomprehensible
to learners, is not likely to cause learning to take place. Teacher talk actually serves as the main source of input of language exposure in classroom learning. According to
Krashen 1982, the basic function of language teaching is to deliver compressible input for those who cannot get it from outside the classroom and for the foreign
language students who do not have input sources outside the class. It can be argued that the teacher talk, a comprehensible input refers to the utterance that learners
understand on the basis of context which they are used to, as well as the language which they have learned.
2.1.5.2 Comprehensible Output Hypothesis
