Types of Classroom Interaction

2.1.3 Types of Classroom Interaction

The type of interaction depends on certain type of the teacher talk and the student talk appears in classroom. According to Krashen 1992 there are at least three types of classroom interaction; teacher-dominated, teacher centered, and student-centered. The definition of each types is provided by Krashen 1992. First, teacher-dominated is when the teacher takes so much time to talk and students only have little opportunity to talk. Second, a teacher-centered is when the teacher takes control of students to be active participate at the classroom interaction. The last type is student-centered. Different from the first type, in this case the teacher is as the facilitator and students are more active rather than the teacher in classroom interaction. Furthermore, the classroom interaction as a form of the institutional talk is locally managed but cooperative constructed speech exchange systems Markee and Kasper, 2004. According to them, the composed of interaction between teacher and students and among students, classroom interaction is one of chance where any reality about classroom phenomena is produced and can be observed at the similar time. According to Lyster 2007, a learning languages through an interaction has a pedagogical focus because the interaction provided the teacher and also learners with couple of strategies for facilitating the comprehension, a formal accuracy, an academic achievement and the literacy development. The classroom interaction is a conversation between a teacher and students. It points about how the teacher promotes students to speak in class and how students interact among their friends. What happens in a productive class hour is described by Dagarin 2004 lists that there are at least three types of interaction frequently occur in classroom, as follows. The first is student-teacher classroom interaction. This interaction will encourage teacher in way they deliver information and feedback. Asking question is the most frequent activity that the student do with their teacher. The example is when they ask about material they do not understand and ask about the certain procedure such as game and role play. The second interaction is students-students classroom interaction. According to Ur 2000, there are more than one patterns of classroom interaction, such as group work, closed-ended teacher questioning, individual work, collaboration and teacher talk. In this case, students are given free chance to speak in class since they can talk each other. The third interaction is teacher-whole classroom interaction. Tang 2010 contends that in the most EFL classroom context, the teachers always initiate teacher- whole class interaction by asking question and student s’ responds to the teacher questions. It other words, during classroom interaction teacher keeps asking questions orally to the students to stimulate them speak up. Dagarin 2009 argues that there are three types of teacher whole class interaction such as giving explanation, praises, information, and instruction. Since it commonly occurs in EFL classroom, the researcher concludes that teacher whole class is a basic interaction in order to make student talk.

2.1.4 Student Talk and Teacher Talk