THE USE... R. Arief Nugroho Mater’s Program in Linguistics, Diponegoro University
©2009, UNDIP Institutional Repository
2. Modelling of Text
In the second level Modeling of Text, the contact happens between teachers and students class. Students are in the passive side because they
only listen to the teacher explanations, and here the teacher will explain the language focus which becomes the target of teaching and learning
process. During this level teachers will explain about the language or the schematic structures and the linguistic features of the language focus.
According to Richards, J, J. Platt, H. Webber 1985:181 Modeling is: Providing a model e.g. a sentence, a question as an example for
someone learning language. In second language and foreign- language learning, some teaching methods emphasize the need for teachers to
provide accurate models for learners to imitate, for example the audio- lingual method.
In this level teachers show a model to students. Richards, J, J. Platt, H. Webber 1985:181
have clearly stated that model is “in language teaching someone or something which is used as a standard or goal for
the learner, e.g. the pronunciation of an educated native speaker”. In the modeling level, teachers have to sharpen students’ grammar skill and
according to Canale and Swain 19 79 in Curtain and Pesola’s book
1988:117-118 the communicative competence is actually the combination of competence in four areas:
1 grammatical competence, the ability to apply the rules of grammar to produce or interpret a message correctly; 2 discourse competence,
the ability to connect several ideas together appropriately and to maintain an extended exchange to message; 3 sociolinguistic
competence, the ability to choose language usage according to the social situation; and 4 strategic competence, the ability to understand
a basic meaning or to be understood, even when adequate vocabulary and structures are lacking.
THE USE... R. Arief Nugroho Mater’s Program in Linguistics, Diponegoro University
©2009, UNDIP Institutional Repository
Curtain and Pesola’s explanation suggest that that grammatical competence cannot be separated from the language skills i.e. speaking,
reading, listening, and speaking as well as turn out to be one of the important factors in communication.
3. Joint Construction
