into “He and She” in number 9. And the last the number 10 concerns to the change of pronoun “Me” turns into Him or Her.
B. Data Analysis
After the writer did the research, she got the English test score, the frequency and percentage of students’ difficulty in the change of tenses and
pronouns of reported question.
TABLE 4.2 Student’s Score of Test Result
No Sample Score No
Sample Score 1
Student 1 50
16 Student 16
70
2 Student 2
45 17
Student 17 55
3 Student 3
40 18
Student 18 35
4 Student 4
55 19
Student 19 40
5 Student 5
50 20
Student 20 50
6 Student 6
50 21
Student 21 75
7 Student 7
40 22
Student 22 55
8
Student 8 60
23
Student 23 50
9 Student 9
50 24
Student 24 40
10 Student 10
45 25
Student 25 70
11 Student 11
80 26
Student 26 55
12
Student 12 55
27
Student 27 50
13 Student 13
60 28
Student 28 40
14 Student 14
40 29
Student 29 60
15 Student 15
50 30
Student 30 55
Average 52,33
Highest Score
80 Lowest Score
35
Based on the table 4.2 above, the writer got the English score from the test about reported question that had average score 52.33, the highest score is 80 and
the lowest score is 35. After the writer got the students’ test score, she analyses the students’
error. Then, she counts the number of difficulties. She processes the calculation of result of the test by changing the result into percentage.
Next, in the explanation below, the writer would like to analyze about students’ difficulties when the students learn reported question with the
observation, test, and interview . Then, the analysis as follows:
a. Observation
The writer observes the students’ activity when they were in the teaching-learning process. From the observation, the writer could state
that the atmosphere of the study didn’t support the students to learn effectively. It happened because learning activity is not going well for
students, sometimes the students paid attention and sometimes they didn’t pay. There were some students made noise by talking or joking
with each other during the teacher explained about the reported question.
b. Test
1. Change of tense
The following table will present the frequency of difficulties in the change of tense and pronoun in reported question.
TABLE 4.3 The Frequency of Difficulty in the Change Tense of Reported
Question
No Tenses Item
Number Frequency
of Difficulty F
Percentage of Difficulty
P 1.
Simple Present changes 1 18 9.2
into Simple Past
2. Simple Past changes into
Past Perfect 2 20 10.2
3. Present Perfect changes
into Past Perfect 3 16 8.2
4. Present Continuous
changes into Past Continuous
4 15 7.7
5. Simple Past changes into
Past Perfect 5 21 10.7
6. Present Perfect changes
into Past Perfect 6 16 8.2
7. Future changes into
Conditional 7 24 12.2
8. Simple Present changes
into Simple Past 8 22 11.2
9. Simple Present changes
into Simple Past 9 23 11.7
10. Present Perfect Continuous
changes into Past Perfect Continuous
10 21 10.7
Total 10
Items 196 100
The table above shows about the students’ error answers in the change tense of reported question. It consists of 10 questions. The explanation from the
table above is that in item number 1 there are 18 error answers 9.2, in number 2 there are 20 error answers 10.2 and 16 error answers 8.2 in number 3.
Then, in number 4 there are 15 error answers 7.7 and 21 error answers 10.7 in number 5. There are 16 error answers 8.2 in number 6, 24 error
answers 12.2 in number 7, 22 error answers 11.2 in number 8, 23 error answers 11.7 in number 9 and 21 error answers 10.7 in number 10.
The percentage of error in number 4 is the lowest that is 7.7 and it also known that number 7 as the highest one with percentage 12.2.
To look for the whole average of error in the change of tenses in reported question, the writer uses the formula below:
P = F x 100
NX n P = 196_ x 100
30 X 10
P = 196 x 100 300
P = 65
From the data above, it can be concluded that there are 65 students who got difficulty in the change of tense. After the writer got the average, she would
like to analyze the difficulty of each item in the change of tense in reported question as follows:
1. In item number 1, there were 18 students or 9.2 who faced the
difficulty in the change of simple present to simple past. 2.
In item number 2, there were 20 students or 10.2 who faced the difficulty in the change of simple past to past perfect.
3. In item number 3, there were 16 students or 8.2 who faced the
difficulty in the change of present perfect to past perfect. 4.
In item number 4, there were 15 students or 7.7 who faced the difficulty in the change of present continuous to past continuous.
5. In item number 5, there were 21 students or 10.7 who faced the
difficulty in the change of simple past to past perfect. 6.
In item number 6, there were 16 students or 8.2 who faced the difficulty in the change of present perfect to past perfect.
7. In item number 7, there were 24 students or 12.2 who faced the
difficulty in the change of future to conditional.
8. In item number 8, there were 22 students or 11.2 who faced the
difficulty in the change of simple present to simple past. 9.
In item number 9, there were 23 students or 11.7 who faced the difficulty in the change of simple past to past perfect.
10. In item number 10, there were 21 students or 10.7 who faced the
difficulty in the change of present perfect continuous to past perfect continuous.
Then, after the writer analyzed the frequency and got the average of difficulty in the change tense in reported question. She would like to analyze the
frequency of difficulty in the change of pronoun. The following table is the frequency of difficulty in the change of tense in reported question.
Table 4.4 Frequency of Difficulties in the Change of Pronoun in Reported
Question No
The Changes Of Pronoun In Reported
Question Item
Number Frequency
of Difficulties
F Percentage
of Difficulties
P
1 My turns into Her
1 8
7.6 2 We
turns into They 2
8 7.6
3 You turns into she
3 10
9.6 4 You
turns into she 4
12 11.5
5 You turns into He 5
7 6.7
6 You turns into They
6 9
8.6 7 You turns into Me
7 6
5.7 8 You
turns into Me 8
9 8.6
9 I turns into He 9
10 9.6
10 Me turns into Him 10
25 24.5
Total 10 Items
104 100
The table above shows about the students’ error answers in the change pronoun of reported question. It consists of 10 questions. The explanation from
the table above is that in item number 1 there are 8 error answers 7.6, in number 2 there are 8 error answers 7.6 and 10 error answers 9.6 in number
3. Then, in number 4 there are 12 error answers 11.5 and 7 error answers 6.7 in number 5. There are 9 error answers 8.6 in number 6, 6 error
answers 5.7 in number 7, 9 error answers 8.6 in number 8, 10 error answers 9.6 in number 9 and 25 error answers 24.5 in number 10.
The percentage of error in number 7 is the lowest that is 5.7 and it also known that number 10 as the highest one with percentage 24.5.
To find out the average of total frequency error made by the students in change of pronoun, the writer uses the formula below:
P = F x 100 N X n
P = 104_ x 100 30 X 10
P = 104 x 100 300
P = 34
From the data above, it can be inferred that there are 34 students who got difficulty in the change of pronoun in reported question. After the writer got
the average, she would like to analyze the difficulty of each item in the change of pronoun in reported question as follows:
1. In item number 1, there were 8 students or 7.6 who faced the
difficulty in the change of pronoun “My turns into Her”.
2. In item number 2, there were 8 students or 7.6 who faced the
difficulty in the change of pronoun “We turns into They”.
3. In item number 3, there were 10 students or 9.6 who faced the
difficulty in the change of pronoun “You turn into She”.
4. In item number 4, there were 12 students or 11.5 who faced the
difficulty in the change of pronoun “You turn into She”.
5. In item number 5, there were 7 students or 6.7 who faced the
difficulty in the change of pronoun “You turns into He”
6. In item number 6, there were 9 students or 8.6 who faced the
difficulty in the change of pronoun “You turn into They”.
7. In item number 7, there were 6 students or 5.7 who faced the
difficulty in the change of pronoun “You turn into me”.
8. In item number 8, there were 9 students or 8.6 who faced the
difficulty in the change of pronoun “You turn into me”.
9. In item number 9, there were 10 students or 9.6 who faced the
difficulty in the change of pronoun “I turn into Him”.
10. In item number 10, there were 25 students or 24.5 who faced the
difficulty in the change of pronoun “Me turns into Him”.
Then, the following below is the analysis of the reason why the students faced the difficulty in learning reported question that the writer got from by giving
oral question to some students and the English teacher.
c. Interview
To find the reasons why students got difficulties in learning reported question, the writer did the interview. She interviewed the English teacher of MA
Pembangunan and 15 students of class X-B. They consisted of 10 students who got low score and 5 students who got high score. In doing her interview, the writer
proposed 6 questions related to the topic which must be answered clearly by the teacher and students.
After the writer finished interviewing some students, the writer found the reasons why students got difficulties in learning reported question.
It was happened because there were many students haven’t mastered yet about the rule for sequence of tenses and the change of pronoun, so that the
students felt hard to apply the right tenses and pronoun in transforming direct speech into indirect or reported question. They noticed that they were still
confused to change the time from the original question uttered to the time of the question which is reported and also to change the speaker or the 1
st
and 2
nd
person
turned into 3
rd
person. In other word, they still felt difficult to apply the tenses and pronoun correctly in converting direct question into reported question.
Finally, the internal factor and external factor influenced the students’ difficulties in their learning. First, they faced the difficulties because of their
worse mind set or opinion. They believe that grammar is difficult subject. Then, they have low enthusiasm and motivation in learning reported question. Lastly,
they have not understood yet the explanation given by the teacher because of the noisy class. It made them doesn’t have much attention to the teacher’s
explanation.
C. Data Interpretation
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