CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. The Purposes of the Study
This study is entitled “An Analysis on Students’ Difficulties in Learning Reported Speech”. Then, the purposes of this study as follows:
1. To know the difficulties encountered by the first year students of MA
Pembangunan UIN Jakarta in learning reported speech. 2.
To find out the reason why the students face the difficulties. B.
The Time and place of the study
The writer conducted her research at MA Pembangunan UIN Syarif Hidayatullah which is located on Jl. Ibnu Taimia IV Ciputat, South Jakarta. The
research was carried on 22 February up to 15 March 2010.
C. The Population and sample of the study
In this study the writer took the population of the first year students of MA Pembangunan UIN Jakarta. The students consist of two classes. The number of
the first year students of MA Pembangunan UIN Jakarta is 71.
The writer decided not to take the whole population as sample in her study. She only took one class which consists of 35 students. Unfortunately, there
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were five absent when the writer gave the test. Therefore, the sample is 30 students. The sample is taken by using cluster sampling technique and the
determining of class that will be studied based on the policy and ease from the school.
D. The Instrument of the Research
In her research, the writer used test as an instrument to obtain the data, she made the test about reported speech. The writer gave a written test focused on the
subject matter that would be studied. The test consists of 20 questions. It is divided into two parts. The first part consists of ten questions asking the students
to change the direct question into reported question with the suitable tenses. The second part consists of other ten questions directing the students to complete the
sentences by filling in the blank spaces with the suitable pronouns.
E. The Technique of Collecting Data
1. Observation
In this way, the writer observed the school where the research would be studied out in order to obtain the accurate data that can support her study, such as
monitoring how the teaching and learning process and students’ behavior in learning.
2. Giving English test
The writer gave the written test to know what kinds of difficulties that students faced in learning reported question and to get the frequency of error in
answering the test in order to know the average of students’ difficulties.
3. Interview
The writer interviewed an English teacher and some students who got bad and good scores to reinforce the analysis and to find out the reasons why the
students faced the difficulties in learning reported speech especially on reported question.
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F. The Technique of Data Analysis
The technique of data analysis used by the writer in this research is descriptive analysis technique percentage, she used formula as follows:
P = F X 100 N
P = Percentage F = Frequency of wrong answer
N = Number of sample which is observed
After having the frequency and percentage of difficulty, the writer then looked for the average mark by using formula:
P = F X 100 N X n
P = Percentage F = Frequency of wrong answer
N = Number of sample n = Number of items test
Besides the percentage, she also uses the result of interview and observation for analyzing the students’ difficulties.
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS
A. Data Description
In this chapter, the writer will report the description of data. These two parts of test were given to take student’s score in reported question;
1. Part A : To test student’s ability to change the direct question into indirect
question by applying the rule for sequence of tenses in its transformation. 2.
Part B : To test student’s ability to change the direct question into indirect question by using suitable pronoun in its transformation.
Having done the test, the writer collected the data needed. The data covered the reported question areas. After that, the writer analyzed students’
difficulties in reported question, and calculated the difficulties by tabulating and calculating the result of errors. Finally, the writer changed the result of the
difficulties into percentage. The following table is the classification of each item about the test of
reported question into area tested.
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