to exclude blacks from their neighborhoods. Segregation also took the form of redlining, the practice of denying or increasing the cost of services, such as
banking, insurance, access to jobs, access to health care, or even supermarketsto residents in certain, often racially determined, areas. It is argued that there exists a
color blindness or an understanding that cultural differences rooted in racial identities are irrelevant for peoples prospects and their overall well-being.
E. Previous Research Findings
Dina Oktaviana has conducted a research entitled “The Truth Behind Ku Klux Klan’s Supremacy in John Grisham’s Novel: A Time to Kill”. The research
was published in a journal in 2009. The researcher applied the theory of Frantz Fanon’s blackness consciousness and whiteness in Black Skin, White Masks to
analyze KKK’s respond to discrimination and racism. She analyzed deeper case of KKK’s regeneration in the story, the truth beneath the superiority of
KKK.Compared to this research, the researcher employed Black Skin, White Masks to analyze the racism in the society, while to analyze the Ku Klux Klan’s
racist action, the researcher employed Michael Newton’s The Ku Klux Klan in Mississippi: A History. The other research was conducted by Septian Dona
Prasetyo in 2013. The researcher conducted a research entitled “A Study of Post- Colonial; Western Representation of East in Unleashed Movie”. The
researchisabout postcolonial analysis. The researcher focused on the Western’s influence in the East and the representation of the East’s stereotype in
Western’seye.Compared to the current research, the researcher analyzed the Black’s stereotype in Western’s eye.
F. Framework of Thinking
The researcher employs postcolonial theory by Frantz Fanon as a means to answer the two research objectives mentioned in the previous chapter: to reveal
the Ku Klux Klan’s racist actions towards the Blacks and their defenders, and to identify the racism shown in the southern American society portrayed in
Grisham’s A Time to Kill. The theory is focused on the relationship between races in the colonial and postcolonial society. This can be seen in two aspects: the use
of language and the discrimination towards blacks. The racial problem betweenthe Blacks and the Whites living in the American South during the 20
th
century was the pressure towards Blacks. Thus, the researcher addedthe background
information related to the life of the Southern people in the 20th century as the source of information to strengthen the analysis, along with the detailed
explanation about the Ku Klux Klan in general. The following figure shows the analytical construct of the research:
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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
A. Research Type
This research is a qualitative study. According to Bogdan and Taylor in Moleong 2010:3 qualitative method is a research way to gain descriptive data
based on people’s own written and spoken materials and observable behaviors. Thus, unlike the quantitative study, the object of this research is described in
words instead of numbers. The technique of analysis used in this research is qualitative content
analysis. It is an approach of empirical, methodological, and controlled analysis of texts within their context of communication, following content analytical rules
and step by step models without rash quantification Mayring, 2000: 5.According to Burns in Mayring, content analysis is employed to identify themes, concepts,
and meanings. Furthermore, he points out that it is a form of classifying contexts. Thus, the data of this research were collected and classified in order to
identify the phenomena of racism in the Southern United States of America. The data were collected and classified by using systematic and scientific manner in the
process of identifying the themes and meaning of the data. Using systematic and scientific manner means the data were collected using an organized plan and a
method.
B. Data Type
According to Given 2008: 185, data refer to a collection of information that will be used in the research. In a qualitative research, the form of the data is
usually in nonnumeric taken from many reliable sources. The data in this research were in the form of sentences expressed in John Grisham’s A Time to Kill and
related tothe Ku Klux Klan’s supremacy, in theforms of racist action towards the Blacks and their defenders and thehowracism shown in the southern American
society portrayed in A Time to Kill.
C. Data Source
The main source of this research is A Time to Kill, a novel written by John Grisham. The book was first published in 1989 in the US. The researcher used
the digital edition from VK. The book consists of 275 pages. To analyze the work, the researcher used the theory of racial difference in
colonial and postcolonial societies from Frantz Fanon’s Black Skin, White Masks 2008. It was supported by The Post-Colonial Studies Reader Ashcroft,
Griffiths, and Tiffin, 1995 and ColonialismPostcolonialism Loomba, 1998. Some additional books on the theory of racism used to support the
comprehensiveness of the background analysis are Racism Bulmer and Solomos, 1999, Researching Race and RacismBulmer, 2004, and The Ku Klux Klan in
