B. Data Type
According to Given 2008: 185, data refer to a collection of information that will be used in the research. In a qualitative research, the form of the data is
usually in nonnumeric taken from many reliable sources. The data in this research were in the form of sentences expressed in John Grisham’s A Time to Kill and
related tothe Ku Klux Klan’s supremacy, in theforms of racist action towards the Blacks and their defenders and thehowracism shown in the southern American
society portrayed in A Time to Kill.
C. Data Source
The main source of this research is A Time to Kill, a novel written by John Grisham. The book was first published in 1989 in the US. The researcher used
the digital edition from VK. The book consists of 275 pages. To analyze the work, the researcher used the theory of racial difference in
colonial and postcolonial societies from Frantz Fanon’s Black Skin, White Masks 2008. It was supported by The Post-Colonial Studies Reader Ashcroft,
Griffiths, and Tiffin, 1995 and ColonialismPostcolonialism Loomba, 1998. Some additional books on the theory of racism used to support the
comprehensiveness of the background analysis are Racism Bulmer and Solomos, 1999, Researching Race and RacismBulmer, 2004, and The Ku Klux Klan in
Mississippi: A History Newton, 2010.
D. Data Collection
There were four steps in the process of collecting data: reading, note taking, interpreting, and categorizing. Basically, reading and note taking are the
most important ways in data collecting technique. In this research, the researcher first read John Grisham’s A Time to Kill. In order to get the clear understanding
of the content of the text, the researcher had to perform the careful and comprehensive reading. Second, the researcher collected the data by making
simple notes or rewriting them in the form of main words, phrases, clauses, and sentences related to the racism. Third, the researcher re-read carefully the data in
order to have the clear interpretation. Fourth, the data were categorized into three main aspects of racism practice that suitable with the topic of discussion:
thelanguage of the whites to call the Blacks, the discrimination towards the blacks, the Ku Klux Klan’s racist actions. During the process of the data
collection, the researcher used a particular form of data sheet to easily see the progress of her research. The form of data sheet is presented in the figure below:
Table 1. The Form of Data Sheet No.
Data Page Sub Category
Category
1 “We’re not sure, but the Klan
most likely will get involved. We need to flex our muscle a
bit, and this could be a good opportunity.”
74 - Violence
2 “Go to hell, nigger.”
9
The Use of Derogatory Terms
The Use of Language
Kategori