During the process of collecting the data, the researcher implemented a collaborator, a peer debriefer Cresswell, 2009: 192, to review and to ask
questions in order to get the similarity between the researcher’s interpretation and the peer debriefer’s interpretation. The researcher asked some friends who
wereliterature students as reviewers, to check the data of this research and give their interpretation. The discussion with reviewers was conducted to get the same
interpretation to achieve validity of the data. Besides, the researcher also consulted the data to his consultant, Dr. Widyastuti Purbani, M.A., who was
competent in analyzing literary works. Those processes were done through the whole data.
G. Data Analysis
Data analysis is the crucial part of a qualitative research because it includes gathering and linking the data into a concept Given, 2008: 186.
Furthermore, there are six steps in data analysis: organizing and preparing the data, reading through all the data, coding the data, giving a description,
interrelating description and interpreting the meaning of description. Six steps to analyze the data are explained below.
1. The first is identifying the data from the novel by making some notes. 2. The second is reading and rereading the whole data and arranging the data
into a theme: the racism in the Southern United States.
3. The third is coding and categorizing the data in the data table into some categories related to the forms of the Ku Klux Klan’s racist actionand also
related tohow racism shown in the southern American society based on Fanon’s theory, such as: language, and the discrimination towards the
blacks. 4. The fourth is sorting the data by selecting the relevant data and excluding
the irrelevant data. The selected relevant data were classified and interpreted according to its thematic meaning.
5. The fifth is making the interrelation between the description of the data and the theory to get the findings based on the objectives: the forms of the Ku
Klux Klan’s racist actions towards the Blacks and their defenders and how the racism shown in the southern American society.
6. The last is making an interpretation of the findings based on the understanding about the theory.
