Brief Description about Novel

9 CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Brief Description about Novel

Wellek and Warren 1948: 3 said in his book entitled The Theory of Literature that literature is distinct activity, one is creative, an art literary work as a form and result of creative work, in reality is a media which used language to tell about human’s life so that a literary work consists of problem of human’s life. Literary term was used to called cultural tendency which can be found in our society and it keeps developing. Literature is not only in written form but also in spoken form. Literature is usually divided according to its geography or language. The categories of literature are novel, short story, poem, poetry, drama, and painting. Novel is one form of literature. A novel is a totality, a comprehensiveness that is artistic. As a totality, the novel has passages elements, most related to one another in close and mutually dependent. The elements of a novel-builder who is then collectively form a totality that in addition to the formal elements of language. The division of the element in novel is the intrinsic and extrinsic elements. A novel is usually tells about people’s life in interacting with their environment and social life. A novel is such a great thing even though it exists in written form yet it can tell any kind of event according to author’s willing. Eagleton says in his book entitled The English Novel: An Introduction, “The novel is a mighty melting pot, a mongrel among literary thoroughbreds. There seems to be nothing it cannot do. It can investigate a single human consciousness for eight hundred pages. Or it can recount the adventures of an onion, chart the history of a family over six generations, or recreate the Napoleonic wars.” Eagleton, 2005: 8 10 The word “Novel” came from the Italian, Novella, which means the new staff that small. Novels developed in England and America. A novel was originally developed in the region from other forms of narrative nonfiction, such as letters, biographies, and history. But with a shift in society and time development, the novel is not only based on nonfiction data, author of novel can change the idea according to desired imagination. In Europe and America, novel had become a special genre of literature and its works design had become wider in which created many kinds of genre. The first form of modern novel can be found in some era like classical Roman era in which many kinds of romantic novel were shown. Eastlake says in her article entitled Romantic Antiquity: Rome in the British Imagination, “The idea of ancient Rome for Romantic writers and the ways in which Rome was portrayed and utilized in literature to forge a sense of British national identity and political modernity Eastlake, 2010:1.” Besides classical Roman era, the first form of novel can also be found in Elizabethan age in England in the period of Elizabeth I and in Spain, 1605. Elizabethan age was often thought as a golden age in the country’s history. It was the highpoint, for example, the English Renaissance, and poetry and literature truly thrived. It was the time of Elizabethan theatre, when William Shakespeare and his contemporaries wrote new, dynamic, groundbreaking plays meanwhile in Spain 1605, a novel entitled Don Quixote de la Mancha by Miguel de Cervansten was considered as the origin of modern novel. It was because Don Quixote is a work which actually took this clash between romance and realism as its subject-matter, thus turning a formal issue into a thematic one Eagleton, 2005: 9 11 Realist and naturalist novels began to be exposed since 19 th century. In this era, Charles Dickens, Thackeray and George Elliot England, Tolstoy and Dostoevsky Russia, Nathaniel Hawthorne America became journalistic references to reveal the hidden reality which was caused by hypocrisy of false morality and decency aristocratic. During the 20 th century and the consequences which was caused by the great events of World War 1 and 2 had made the characters in novels became increasingly complex. The impact of World War had created two kinds of genre they are modernism and post-modernism

2.2 Sociology of Literature