18 would have to suffer unbearable pain for hours. During Victorian age, people ate
their food in basement. They thought that their food would be digested better in the dark so that dinner room was place in basement.
2.4.4 Novel Became More Developed
Novel developed more quickly during Victorian age. The condition in England had become more conducive so that it motivated the novelist to write. Literature of
this age tends to come closer to daily life which reflects its practical problems and interests. It becomes a powerful instrument for human progress. Socially
economically, Industrialism was on the rise and various reform movements like emancipation, child labor, women’s rights, and evolution. Greenbalt also says,
“Characteristics of Victorian literature: its variety both in style and in subject variety is in part a symptom of the Victorian writer’s bold
independence and his zest for literary experiment for its own sake, but it is also a symptom of an absence of any final general agreement
concerning the function of literature and art in a democratic society.” Greenbalt, 2001: 1376
During Victorian age, there were many famous novelists like Charles Dickens, William Thackeray and many others. Dickens and Thackeray were considered as the
most famous novelist in this age. It based on consideration of the amount of works, quality, characteristics and the influence toward society as well as the development
of the author. Most of Dickens’ works told about social imbalance in society due to industrial revolution while Thackeray’s work told about hypocrisy in social high
class.
2.4.5 Inventions Lead to Industrial Revolution
19 There were many new inventions during Victorian age. In 1876, telephone was
invented by Alexander Graham Bell and radio was invented in 1895 by Guglielmo Marconi. Camera, toilet, sewing machine, vacuum, train and stamp were invented
during Victorian age. Factory began to be supported by steam engine and police force was created in this age. Industrial revolution which happened in England had
caused the advancement in knowledge which was marked by there were many kinds
of intellectual activities. Greenbalt also says,
“England was the first country to become industrialized, her transformation was an especially painful one, but being first had a
compensation: it was profitable. An early start enabled England to capture markets all over the globe.” Greenbalt, 2001: 1363
2.5 Industrial Revolution in England
