Theoretical Framework REVIEW OF LITERATURE

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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY

A. Object of the Study

Like Water for Chocolate is a novel in monthly installments, with recipes, romances, and home remedies. It is told in twelve monthly installments, with a pertinent traditional recipe preceding each chapter. The novel of Like Water for Chocolate had been released in Mexico a year earlier. After the release of the film version in 1992, Like Water for Chocolate became internationally known and loved Biography.com. Laura Esquivel is the author of Like Water for Chocolate, an imaginative and compelling combination of novel and cookbook, as well as other books. Like Water for Chocolate was published by Anchor Books in November 1995. This novel was translated by Carol Christensen and Thomas Christensen. The structure of Like Water For Chocolate is wholly dependent on these recipes, as the main episodes of each chapter generally involve the preparation or consumption of the dishes that these recipes yield. The details of additional secondary recipes are woven throughout the narrative. Laura Esquivels Like Water For Chocolate tells the story of a fifteen-year- old girl named Tita De La Garza, who spend most of her entire life to take care of her mother and abandon her love to a man named Pedro, it happens because of her PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI mothers upholding of the family tradition that the youngest daughter must not marry but she must take care of her mother until the day she dies.

B. Approach of the Study

According to Bressler in Literary Criticism: An Introduction to Theory and Practice Second Edition 1998:148, psychoanalytic literary criticism refers to literary criticism which, in method, concept, theory, or form, is influenced by the tradition of psychoanalysis began by Sigmund Freud. Bressler in his book also states, Psychoanalytic criticism, unlike some other schools of criticism, can exist side by side with any other critical method of interpretation, because this approach attempts to explain on how and why of human actions without developing an aesthetic theory, a systematic, philosophical body of beliefs concerning on how meaning occurs in literature. For example, Marxists, feminists, and New Historicists can use psychoanalytic methods in their interpretations without violating their own hermeneutics. Psychoanalytic criticism, then may best be called an approach to literary interpretation rather than a particular school of criticism. 1998:148. The other definition is taken from Freud in Barry 2002:96 that psychoanalytic is a form of literary criticism which uses some of the techniques of psychoanalysis, which itself is a form of therapy which aims to cure mental disorders ‘by investigating the interaction of conscious and unconscious elements in the mind, in the interpretation of literature. Moreover, according to Barbara F. McManus, psychoanalytic literary criticism can focus on one or more of the following: first, is the author that the theory is used to analyze the author and hisher life, and the literary work is seen to supply evidence for this analysis. This is often called psychobiography. Second, PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI is the characters that the theory is used to analyze one or more of the characters; the psychological theory becomes a tool that to explain the characters’ behavior and motivations. The more closely the theory seems to apply to the characters, the more realistic the work appears. According to Michael Delahoyde in Introduction to Literature 2016 states that psychoanalytic approach argues that literary texts, like dreams, express the secret unconscious desires and anxieties of the author, that a literary work is a manifestation of the authors own neuroses. One may psychoanalyze a particular character within a literary work, but it is usually assumed that all such characters are projections of the authors psyche. In addition, Ann B. Dobie in her book Theory into Practice: An Introduction to Literary Criticism states that the characteristic of the psychoanalytic approach is the primacy of the unconscious. Hidden from the conscious mind, which Freud compared to that small portion of an iceberg that is visible above the surface of the water, the unconscious is like the powerful unseen mass below it. Ann,2011:56. In order to analyze this study, the writer uses psychoanalytic approach, because this approach can help the writer to see the interaction between conscious and unconscious elements in Tita’s mind. The unconscious part of Tita is her mother’s rule of marriage and the another rules which are not related to the marriage, which then impulses out of consciousness through her four reactions in order to bre ak her mother’s rules. . PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI In addition, by using this approach, the writer can know that the literary text its elf, Laura Esquivel’s novel, focuses on the ‘psychobiography’ of the author herself that Laura Esquivel also had a great-aunt named Tita who was forbidden to wed and spent her life caring for her mother. Soon after her mother died, so did Tita in the novel of Like Water for Chocolate,.

C. Method of the Study

The writer conducts library research in working on this study. This study applies primary and secondary sources. The primary source is, of course, the literary text itself, a novel by Laura Esquivel titled Like Water for Chocolate. The secondary sources includes some e-books from www.jstor.org , paper, pdf file, and criticism which are related to the work. There are several steps for doing the research. First, the writer begins to reading the novel carefully in order to understand the story. Second, the writer is finding out some references that are related to the work, such as the e-books from www.jstor.org, paper, pdf file, and criticism. Third, the writer starts to explaining the characteristics of Tita in the novel by using the theory of nine techniques of characterization that is proposed by M.J. Murphy in ord er to find how Tita’s characteristics are described in the novel. Fifth, the writer tries to explain the Mama Elena’s rules by explaining Mama Elena’s rule of marriage and the other rules that are not related to the rule of marriage one by one by using the theory of repression from Freud in Barry and Freudian Repression Definition Overview. Sixth, after the writer explains the repressions of Tita, the writer explains the interaction PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI between conscious and unconscious mind of Tita by using the definition of psychoanalytic criticism that is proposed by Freud in Peter Barry in Beginning Theory: An Introduction to Literary and Cultural Theory . Seventh, the writer explains the tripartite of model the id and superego, because the id is the desire of Tita to get married to Pedro, and the superego is the Mama Elena’s rule of marriage. Next, the writer shows the ego, because the ego is the reactions of Tita against her mother’s rules in order to be with Pedro forever. Last, the writer makes the conclusion based on the overall analysis.