Autonomous learning Autonomy Definition of Terms

12 there is a strong interdependence relation between the lecturer and the students in the learning process. The students still need support and stimulus from the teacher Littlewood, 1999. In this part, the students are given a chance after the lecturer‟s instruction in their learning process. It needs interdependence between the students and the lecturer. It means that the lecturer and the students need each other and have to be able to collaborate in the learning processes. According to Thanasoulas 2000, p.117, the principle of learner autonomy is that students independently choose goals, choose materials, methods, and tasks and do the evaluation by themselves. It means that they are responsible and able to be the responsible learners to their own path. According to Lier 1996, autonomy is having freedom of choice, exploration, personal preferences, but also the responsibility for the learner‟s own and companion‟s journey. An autonomous learner must be able to make significant decisions about what is to be learned, as well as how and when to do it. In addition, Scharle and Szabo 2005 state that the responsible learner is learner‟s capability to accept the idea that his or her own efforts are crucial to the progress of the learning. It also has to do with self- directed learning. When the students learn about something, they need to practice, especially in language learning. Murray, Gao and Lamb 2011 state that learning autonomy faces instability, variability and adaptability. The students are able to face unstable and not always the same situation and also to adapt to some situation. Autonomy can be influenced from the internal, such as a willingness to learn in an independent way so that it cannot be forced by other people because it 13 is about the willingness of the students. The teachers or people around the students cannot force the students to be autonomous. They only can support and guide them. As a result, the students can be more active and responsible for making a decision in their learning processes so that they are ready to make the best decision for their own life, especially in learning processes in the Micro Teaching class. The students stop acting as a teacher‟s pet and the teacher acts as a facilitator and also a counselor who helps and guides the students when they get the problems and need help. Cotterall 1999 argues that naturally, autonomy is part of a goal by teacher and students in the learning process towards it to be made p.6. It is supported by Holec 1981 that learning autonomy is known as capability in understanding the purpose of learning or able to direct the whole learning, selecting method and material in learning, choosing criteria for evaluation, actively and exploring freedom. The students have to focus on their learning process rather than only the outcome. The outcome is just the result of the process that students make. The outcome or the result is important, but it is not the main goal of the learning autonomy‟s purpose. The outcome is used to the further step to improve their performance. The students have to evaluate their results after facing the learning process. They have to act like a teacher to judge their own job objectively to evaluate what they have done. Learner autonomy has some advantages, the students will be more aware of their weaknesses and strengths, so they can see their needs, they can understand themselves and many more. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI