12 can act appropriately in society. This component deals with the reality. The third
is the superego. The superego was one of personality trait that controls participation in selfish or self-centered activities 229. As the last component of
personality, superego holds very important part. This component of personality provides human being to be able to make judgment, build a sense of right or
wrong. Since the id gives impulses to the ego then the superego acts what the ego has decided to act.
2. Theory of Character
Story in Anne Frank’s literary work has the elements which help readers to understand the idea of the story. They are plot, characters, dialogue, time and
place. This part will elaborate further the theory of character and characterization in order to get a better understanding of the character in the literary work.
The theory of character and characterization is used to examine Anne Frank’s
character as the main character in Anne Frank’s The Diary of a Young Girl. I apply this theory by relating the theory with her behavior and action.
Based on M.H. Abrams’ A Glossary of Literary Terms 23, characters are the person’s described in a literary work, who have the moral and natural qualities
that can be identified by seeing what they say as in the dialogue and what they do as in the action. Characters have emotion, temperament, moral, and social values
that become the basic motivation of his or her speech and actions. During the story, a character can have some changes or in stable. The experiences that are
13 happened to the character can affect their thoughts, ideas, or their environment or
society. According to Graham Little 89, character is a very important feature of
the narrative forms of literature. Graham also states the importance of relationships between characters, and depth of portrayal of character. Characters
have different ideas about another character, or false ideas about themselves. He adds further that the contrasts and misunderstanding is obviously has relationships
between characters. Depth of portrayal of character is a complex of human personality of character, many motives and desires, some in conflict with one
another. Milligan 195 defines two kinds of character; major characters are those
who appear more often in the story than the other characters, while secondary characters are those who appear less in the story. While, Abrams 89 explains
character can be divided into protagonist and antagonist. Protagonist character is the essential figure in the story and usually becomes the main character of the
story. However, according to him, antagonist character which refers to human, situation or condition may as well create some conflicts in the story.
Based on E.M Forster 46, there are two kinds of character; they are flat and round character. Flat or simple character, which is defined as a single idea
or quality, is presented in outline without individualizing detail. Therefore, it can be summed up as a single phrase or sentence. A flat character usually possesses
just one dominant trait, or at most very few traits in clear and simple relationship
14 to one another. Furthermore, there are two benefits in using flat character Forster
47. First, the reader can recognize the character in the story easily. In other words, the reader can get the description of the whole character only by seeing a
part of the character. The second benefit is that the character does not have many changes from the beginning until the end of the story. Thus, the reader can
remember the character unalterable since he or she is not changed by the situations.
According to Abrams 24, the character is called round or complex because he or she is complex in temperament and motivation and is represented
with subtle particularity. Round characters are artistically speaking and have a higher achievement. Laar and Sshoonderwoerd 170-171 determine that there is
always a surprise element in round character and the action is clear to reader because that action is quite suited. The round character is more lifelike than flat
character because it represents human character which does not only have a single attitude. Someone’s character always changes.
Based on Perrine 71, there are two kinds of character; static character is a character that does not undergo the process of development as result of all things
which happen to the person, whereas dynamic character changes when things happen. It also undergoes an important, basic, and permanent change in character,
personality and perspective.
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3. Theory of Characterization
