21 with other people. The need for affiliation is also called the need to be with
people. The presence of others can either calm an individual and reduce hisher fear, or distract the human being.
5. Theory of Conflict
Theory of conflict is applied to dig out second problem formulation of this study. Conflict is the essence of all stories. According to Holman 107, conflict is
the struggle that grows out of the interplay of the two opposing forces in a plot. It provides interest, suspense, and tension. There are two kinds of conflict. An
external conflict is a struggle between a character and an outside force. While, a
struggle that takes place in a characters mind is called internal conflict. Holman
107 adds that a character might be involved in conflicts of four different kinds: a struggle against nature, a struggle against another person, a struggle against
society, a struggle of mastery by two elements within a person. The conflict may be simple single or complex. Nevertheless, it is hardly
to find a simple conflict taking part in someone’s life, generally a complex one partaking of two or even all of the preceding elements. Conflict not only implies
the struggle of a protagonist against someone or something, it also implies the existence of some motivation for the conflict or some goal to be achieved thereby
108.
22
B. Context of the Book: Amsterdam during the World War II
Anne Frank’s story which was written in her diary was taken place in Amsterdam during the World War II. She started her diary on June 12, 1942 and
she was forced to stop on August 1, 1944. The German invasion began on May 10, 1940. Holland was forced to surrender after the fierce fighting near Arnhem
and the bombing of Rotterdam. Nazi rule in Holland brought many changes which mean difficulties for the
Dutch especially the Jews. The identity cards were introduced and food rationing was begun. The Dutch Jews began to suffer persecution. Between 1940 and 1941
there was a regular removal of Jews from public life. Jews were excluded from hotels and restaurants, they had to register with the Nazi authorities, and Jewish-
owned land was appropriated and sold to non-Jews. The Jewish population in Holland in 1940 was about 140.000, 24.000 of
them were refugees. Amsterdam had the largest Jewish community of 90.000. The first mass of Jews began to be arrested on February 1941. On February 22, 1941,
Jews boys and men were grabbed, beaten and taken away from their homes, the streets and cafes. They never came back after that and no one knew where they
were taken to. Another 230 Jews who were mainly refugees suddenly disappeared in June 1941. Young Jews were excluded from state schools and universities.
Then, by April 1942, all Jews had to wear a yellow star so that everyone could see who they were.
