Deciding whether she will confess about her love toward Mr. Knightley or not

The triangular theory of love developed by psychologist Robert Stenberg categorized their love as consummate love. According to Robert Stenberg, love that Emma and Mr. Knightley have is the complete form of love. They try to express their love each other into different actions in order to maintain their feeling each other. They want to get married and have a happy family. The psychoanalytical psychology will be used as the approach to find Emma’s id in this situation. In this condition, the id is that Emma wants to get a good match for her to live with forever as a happy family. Then, it makes Emma’s ego to act. Emma chooses to find a good match for Harriet that actually represents her own feelings. She realizes it after she knows that Harriet loves Mr. Knightley and this condition makes Emma so upset. 2.4 Deciding whether Emma will meet with Harriet and let Harriet knows about her relationship with Mr. Knightley or not One day, the precious moment happens between Mr. Knightley and Emma. Mr. Knightley tries to express his own feeling toward Emma. He says that actually he loves Emma so much. This situation has been waited by Emma for long time. If Harriet does not have any special feeling toward Mr. Knightley, Emma would not be in dilemma situation and she could express her true feeling toward Mr. Knightley openly. She would say that she loves Mr. Knightley too, but the different situation happens. ‘I know that you know what I am, Emma. You hear nothing but truth from me. God knows, I have been a very indifferent lover. But you really understand me. Yes, you understand my feelings-and return them if you can. At now, I ask only to hear-once to hear your voice. Austen, p.337 But, the different story goes. In this case, Emma realizes that Harriet also falls in love with Mr. Knightley. Emma remembers the situation when Harriet knows that Mr. Elton does not love her. It really makes Harriet sad. Because of that reason, Emma is thinking hard for this one. While Mr. Knightley was speaking, Emma’s thought is trying to comprehend the truth, in order to see that Harriet’s hopes had been groundless all Austen, p.337. Actually, Emma does not want to give Harriet any hurt feeling anymore for knowing that Emma and Mr. Knightley have a special relationship. But, if Harriet does not know about this, she will perceive that Emma is betrayed her. It is almost the same with the story of Mr. Elton in the past, but the different is that Emma is also fall in love with Mr. Knightley. At this situation, Emma was thinking harder than before. In this case, Emma Woodhouse faces an intrapersonal conflict in the form of an avoidance-avoidance conflict. According to Worchel and Cooper, p. 461, an avoidance-avoidance conflict is a condition in which a person must choose one alternative of two unattractive goals. Emma faces it after knowing that Mr. George Knightley and Emma love each other, Emma afraid if this situation will hurt Harriet again. There is no good choice for Emma. She is in dilemma. How to do her best by Harriet was of more difficult decision; how to spare her from any unnecessary pain; how to make her any possible atonement; how to appear least her enemy? On these subjects her perplexity and distress were very great. Austen, p.340 Actually, Emma does not want to separate from Harriet but Emma also does not want to hurt Harriet again by seeing her relationship with Mr. Knightley. Emma decides to avoid a meeting with Harriet and all that need be told by letter Austen, p.340. In order to solve the conflict, Emma chooses negotiation. According to Isenhart and Spangle, pp. 45-152, negotiation is a conflict resolution in which the opposing parties compromise or reconcile peacefully to get mutual and beneficial agreement for both of them. This negotiation does not involve a third party. The negotiation happens through an integrative negotiation. An integrative negotiation is a constructive approach in conflict resolution. In doing this negotiation, Emma tries to decide whether or not Emma will meet with Harriet and let Harriet knows about her relationship with Mr. Knightley. The result of negotiation is that Emma decides to avoid a meeting with Harriet by letting her go with Isabella to London for a few weeks in order to give her some amusement p. 340. In deeper analysis, in the process of deciding whether or not Emma will meet with Harriet and let her know about Emma’s special relationship with Mr. Knightley, Emma gets dilemma. Emma thinks about Harriet’s feeling if she knows about the fact that Mr. Knightley does not love her. This is the second time for Harriet gets hurt from her own feeling to somebody. They are Mr. Elton and Mr. Knightley. Emma does not want to meet with Harriet for a while because she does not want to hurt Harriet for the second time. Emma tries to negotiate with herself in deciding this conflict. It happens because Emma really cares about Harriet. This is pure an intrapersonal conflict for Emma because the decision is taken after she has long-term consideration in her mind. Then, after Emma’s reaction in protecting Harriet, according to the triangular theory of love developed by psychologist Robert Stenberg it can be said that the love that Emma and Harriet have, can be categorized as companionate love. They always do the best effort for each other. They have the same thoughts in almost everything. Besides, they have great moments as close friends. The separation for a while between Emma and Harriet is the best idea of Emma in order to give some amusement for Harriet. Next, the motivation that Emma’s has in her decision to separate for a while with Harriet can be seen using the theory of motivation. In fact that Emma decides to avoid any meeting with Harriet because she wants to protect Harriet and give her some amusement. In this situation, they only do communication to each other by letter. Emma does not want Harriet get hurt again by knowing that Emma and Mr. Knightley have a special relationship. Besides, they need time to think about their selves in different places. If the right moment comes, they will see to each other in better condition. This description can be said as Emma’s social need in friendship. Besides, in this part, the psychoanalytical psychology written by Sigmund Freud will be examined as the approach to find Emma’s id in this situation. The id of Emma in this conflict is that Emma feels sorry toward Harriet. Emma does not want to see Harriet feels sad. Then, it makes Emma’s ego to act. Emma chooses to persuade Harriet to go to London for a while in order to get some amusement. 46 CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS This part consists of conclusions and also suggestions. After having discussions in chapter IV, conclusions and suggestions are needed in order to get deeper understanding about the analysis of the novel.

A. Conclusions

In chapter IV, the problem formulations are answered. The objectives of this study are to find out one’s intrapersonal conflicts as seen in Emma, the main character of Jane Austen’s Emma, when she is in her situation to find a good match for her friend named Harriet. Besides, the problems of the study are: 1”How is Emma Woodhouse portrayed in Jane Austen’s Emma?” 2 “What are the intrapersonal conflicts that Emma has in the process of matching for Harriet and finding a true lover for herself? 3 “How does she solve her intrapersonal conflicts in the process of matching for Harriet and finding a true lover for herself?” According to the discussion in chapter IV, it can be concluded that: First, the portrayal of Emma as the main character in Jane Austen’s Emma by using the theory of character and characterization written by Abrams and Murphy. Based on the analysis of the novel, it can be described that Emma has five dominant characters. First, Emma is an arrogant person. It can be seen from the way she considers somebody from their class. Emma does not want to have any relation with somebody who is in the lower class of hers. Second, Emma is an affectionate person. It can be seen from how she expresses her love toward her father, Mr. Woodhouse. She wants to stay together with him in Hartfield even she gets married with Mr. Knightley. In other case, Emma wants to improve Harriet’s condition who has unknown parents. Emma wants to match Harriet with Mr. Elton, the vicarage of Highbury. Third, Emma is a stubborn girl. Emma often gets quarrel with Mr. Knightley because he tries to give some advices toward Emma, but she never listen to him. Fourth, Emma is a selfish person. Emma is quite difficult to accept other’s opinion; she always acts as if she is the one who knows about everything in Hartfield. Fifth, Emma gets difficulties in understanding her own heart. It can be seen from her decision to be a match-maker for Harriet. In her deepest heart, Emma wants to get a good husband for herself, but Emma tries to deny it. Second, there are four intrapersonal conflicts that Emma faces in her situation to be a match-maker for her friend, Harriet. First, Emma has to decide whether or not Emma and Mr. Knightley will stay together with Mr. Woodhouse in Hartfield after their marriage. Second, Emma has to decide whether or not she will tell Harriet that Mr. Elton has expressed his love to Emma. Third, Emma has to decide whether or not she will confess about her love toward Mr. Knightley. Fourth, Emma has to decide whether or not she will meet with Harriet and let Harriet knows about her relationship with Mr. Knightley. Third, Emma has different ways in solving her problems. First, in the situation when Emma has to decide whether or not Emma and Mr. Knightley will stay together with Mr. Woodhouse in Hartfield after their marriage. Emma faces an intrapersonal conflict in the form of a double approach-avoidance conflict and she solves this problem by mediation. Second, Emma faces an intrapersonal conflict in the form of an avoidance-avoidance conflict when she has to decide whether or not she will tell Harriet that Mr. Elton has expressed his love to Emma. Emma solves this conflict by negotiation. Third, Emma has to decide whether or not she will confess about her love toward Mr. Knightley. This is an intrapersonal conflict in the form of a double approach-avoidance conflict, and Emma use negotiation to solve this conflict. Fourth, Emma has to decide whether or not she will meet Harriet and let Harriet knows her relationship with Mr. Knightley. This is an intrapersonal conflict in the form of an avoidance-avoidance conflict and Emma solves this conflict by negotiation. `Psycoanalytical Psychology in Emma, the id Emma’s need of love from a true lover forces the ego to do something to fulfill the demands of id. The actions are Emma makes matches and Emma tries to show that Emma loves Mr. Knightley because the push of the id. Emma’s behavior in order to show that she loves Mr. Knightley is the ego. Therefore, it can be said that Emma’s need of a true lover is the core of her intrapersonal conflicts. It is her id. At the end of the story, Emma finally gets her partner of life that is Mr. Knightley.

B. Suggestions

Emma is one of the best novels from Jane Austen. It is a very interesting and romantic novel. The story about a girl who likes to match-making people around her, in order to give happiness to others, gives the readers some messages about the portrayal of love. Therefore, after reading the novel, the readers can get beneficial values from it. As this study uses psychological approach to analyze the conflicts in the novel, future researchers can use the other approaches in analyzing the novel. It is suggested that future researchers to analyze Emma’s interpersonal conflicts toward the other characters. Another interesting aspect of this novel is about the setting of this novel. There are still seeing somebody from their social status. Thus, the writer suggests other researchers to use cultural-historical approach to analyze the novel. Suggestion also addressed to English teachers to use part of the novel Emma as material to teach reading skills. In the Appendix of this study, a lesson plan for doing so is provided. 50 REFERENCES Abrams, M. H. 1981. A Glossary of Literary Terms. New York: Holt, Reinhart, and Winston, Inc. Austen, J. 1953. Emma. London and Glasgow: Collins. Hornby, A. S. 2000. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. New York: Oxford University Press. Hudson, W. H. 1960. An Introduction to the Study of Literature. London: George G. Harrap. Issenhart, M. W. and Michael, S. 2000. Communicative Approaches to Resolving Conflict. London: Sage Publication. Murphy, M. J. 1973. Understanding unseen. London: George Allen Unwin Limited, Publ. Co,. Roberts, E. V. and Henry, J. 1987. Fiction: An Introduction to Reading and Writing. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Worchel, S. and Joel, C. 1979. Understanding Social Psychology. Illinois: The Dorsey Press. The Internet Sources: Borchers, T. 1999. Interpersonal Conflict. http:www.abacon.comcommstudies interpersonalinconflict.html, accessed on November 16, 2010. Kaslev, M. A. 2004. Psychoanalytical Analysis. http:www.kheper.nettopics psychologyFreud.html , accessed on October 03, 2010. Liscombe, R. W. 2008. From the Polar Seas to Australasia: Jane Austen, “English culture,” and Regency Orientalism. http:www.jasna.org persuasions on-linevol28no2windsor-liscombe.htm, accessed on October 12, 2010. Mc. Goodwin, M. 1998. Jane Austen: Emma. http:www.mcgoodwin.net pagesotherbooksja_emma.html , accessed on April 04, 2010 .