37
namanya Tom Kha Gai
’. He switched from Indonesian language to Thai. In English,
Tom Kha Gai
literally means chicken galangal soup. It is actually a spicy and sour hot soup with coconut milk in Lao and Thai cuisine.
Arnold Poernomo, on the other hand, switched from Indonesian to English and Japanese words using English grammar, all in the sentence ‘
Tambah nori powder
nya soalnya nori powdernya yang ngeba wa rasanya semua.
’ The Japanese word,
nori
, means seaweed in English. However, he decided to employ English grammar by putting the word
nori
before the head noun,
powder
. Aside from the part of speech of the code-switching, it was also found that
one of the code-switching occurrences introduced a phenomenon where Indonesian grammar was employed with the use of English words. This
phenomenon was found in the sentence ‘
Untuk tantangan pertama di Grand
Final, kami sudah menghadirkan chef professional yang akan memba wakan
hidangan khusus dan spesial buat kalian.
’ The bolded words are the code- switching which are English words. But the speaker, who was an Indonesian,
employed Indonesian grammar in arranging the words. According to English grammar, in a noun phrase, an adjective, works as a pre-modifier, should
proceedthe noun. On the contrary, in Indonesian grammar, the adjective comes after the noun, as seen in the phrase ‘chef professional’.
The researcher also found one grammatical mistake in one of the code- switching uttered by Rinrin Marinka ‘
Kurang balance
.’ The word ‘
balance
’ here was meant to replace the Indonesian word ‘seimbang’ which functions as an
38 adjective, whereas the substitute word in English was ‘
balance
’, which was a noun. It was supposed to be
balanced
.
B. The Reasons of Code-switching Done by the Juries of MasterChef
Indonesia Season 3 Grand Final
The second research question aimed to find out the reasons of the code- switching done by the juries during the first round of Grand Final Masterchef
Indonesia Season 3. The procedure of conducting the analysis was almost similar with the procedure to obtain the answer of the first research question. Using a
similar checklist, the researcher attempted to categorize each of the code- switching cases into their own reason. The researcher used the theories from
Holmes and Wardaugh to find out the reasons of the code-switching done by the juries of MasterChef Indonesia Season 3. The table below is the result of the
findings from the second research question in a nutshell.
Table 4.2 The Number and Percentage of the Reasons of Code-switching Cases
No Reasons
Number of Cases Percentage
1 Status
56 43.75
2 Choice of Topic
49 38.28
3 Conveying Affective Message
23 17.97
Total 128
100
1. Social Status of the Speaker
Some people code-switch because they are aware of their status which they consider higher and more respectable than other people. The people whose
utterances being researched here are not ordinary people. They are the juries of MasterChef, a well-known cooking show in Indonesia. All of them have
39 experiences living outside Indonesia, which to some people, is considered giving
better status to them. There is also a belief in the society that people who are able to speak English have higher status than those who are not. This is due to the fact
that in order to be able to speak English fluently, adequate intelligence and financial support are required. Undoubtedly, the three juries with their learning
and working experience have higher status which is showed by the use of code- switching in their utterances as observed in the 26 minute video.
The following are the examples of code-switching cases done by the juries because of their status. In the beginning of the competition, the juries gave some
opening speech. The speech also contained code-switching as uttered by Rinrin Marinka below.
1 Degan
: Ini saat penentuan siapa yang mendapat hadiah utama yang besar.
Marinka : Supremasi tertinggi untuk koki amatir yaitu
title
MasterChef Indonesia
Season
ketiga.
There were three challenges for the finalists. At the beginning of each challenge, the jury gave the explanation about the challenge to the finalists. Below is a part
of the explanation of the first challenge given by Degan Septoadji. 2
Degan : Untuk tantangan pertama di Grand Final, kami sudah
Menghadirkan
chef professional
yang akan membawakan hidangan khusus dan spesial buat kalian. Kalian siap?
From the examples provided above and other code-switching cases of the same reason, the researcher observed that the code-switching cases done because
of the status of the speaker can actually be considered as unnecessary code-
40 switching. This is so for the substitute word of the exact same meaning can be
found easily in Indonesian language. The word ‘title’ in 1 can be replaced by the word ‘
gelar
’ and ‘
sea son
’ by ‘musim’ while the phrase ‘
chef professional
’ in 2 can be replaced by ‘juru masak profesional’.
The code-switching happened because of the speaker’s status occurred 56
times during the 26 minute video, which was the highest frequency of the three reasons. It covered 43.75 of the overall code-switching cases being studied.
2. The Choice of the Topic
When people have their daily conversation, they usually talk in their mother language. But when it comes to a certain topic such as academic stuff, or
in this case culinary stuff, bilinguals find it easier to code-switch. It primarily happened because it was rather difficult to find the word of exactly the same
meaning or because it was simply the usual term they used every day. The following are the examples of the code-switching occurred because of
the topic as found in the video. In the beginning of the first challenge, Degan Septoadji gave a brief explanation about the challenge the finalists were about to
face. 1
Degan : Untuk tantangan ini, kami masing-masing membuat
tiga
appetizer
di mana kita menggunakan
seafood
sebagai bahan utama. During the competition, Degan Septiadji asked one of the finalists, William, about
the progress of his dishes and also the difficulty that he faced in order to duplicate the three dishes.
2 Degan
: Gimana William, kamu lagi bikin apa?
Fish cake
nya? Oke. Gimana, menurut kamu sulit? Atau gampang?
41
Five minutes before the the time was up, the juries encouraged the finalists. Degan Septoadji reminded William and Brian that they had only five minutes left while
Arnold Poernomo reminded one of them that he had not done the plating for Chef Degan’s dish.
3 Degan
:
Okay guys, your last five minutes
. Ayo let’s go
Brian : Aku yakin di lima menit ini aku bisa menyelesaikan semua
komponen yang aku kerjakan. Arnold
: Kamu masih belum
plating
Chef Degan punya ya. Let’s go L
et’s go. Example 1, 2 and 3 illustrate that people may switch-code to discuss a
particular topic. Degan Septoadji and Arnold Poernomo switched from Indonesian to English when they talked using culinary terms which are
appetizer
,
seafood
,
fish cake
and
plating
. It can be observed from the examples above that it was
rather difficult to find the bolded words in Indonesian language. Although in the first example the words
appetizer
and
seafood
can be replaced by the words ‘
makanan pembuka
’ and ‘
makanan laut
’ but it was much easier to use the English words since the Indonesian words have longer syllable, even more words. As for
the other examples, the translation of the bolded words in Indonesian would sound strange even to a cook.
There were 49 out of 128 code-switching occurrences which were caused by the topic. It covered 38.28 of all occurrences being studied.
3 Affective Function
One of the reasons why people code-switch is to express affective message. Affective message can contain various emotions such as anger, sadness,
happiness or jealousy. The following are the examples of the code-switching done
42 by the juries to deliver affective message. As one of the juries, Rinrin Marinka
wanted the best from the two finalists. Therefore, she encouraged William and Brian to be quick and high spirited.
1 Marinka : Oke boys waktu kalian hanya tersisa tiga puluh menit
lagi.
Chop chop
Brian : Di tiga puluh menit terakhir itu aku bener-
bener apa ya… Panik. Di
plate
aku tu belum ada apa-apa.
When the time showed that there were only 30 minutes left, Rinrin Marinka asked one of the finalists and wished him good luck as an encouragement.
2 Marinka : Gimana kira-kira setengah jam lagi kelar ga?
Brian : Harus bisa.
Marinka : Oh
well
….
Good luck
In the example 1 and 2, the word s ‘
chop chop
’ and ‘
good luck
’ showed how the juries encouraged the finalists during the competition. It was a form of
affection from the juries that they wanted the finalists to do their best and kept their spirit high. It was important, especially in example 2 where it seemed that
Brian was about to run out of time and literally needed good luck to accomplish the challenge given. The code-switching cases to convey affective message
occurred for 23 times, making it as the least of the three. It covered only 17.97 of the overall cases being researched.
