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B. Nature of Data
The research used discourse analysis as a method to anlyse the data where the discourse refers to the language in use or spoken words. In this type of
classroom research, the researcher is working with the spoken discourse data which are recorded from the indoor and outdoor activities in English Day program
which was transcribed into transcriptions. According to Wood and Kroger 2000:82, transcription refers to the transformation of spoken discourse into a
written form that is fully amenable to analysis and available for inclusion in the report of the research. In this study, the researcher analyzed the teacher and
students utterances based on the language functions found in their interactions.
C. Data Sources
The data in this research weretaken from the recording result of the real interaction of indoor and outdoor activities in English Day program. Then, it was
transcribed into transcriptions. The focus of this research is to find out the various language and the types of adjacency pairs contain in teacher-student talk. The
adjacency pairs concerning were based on U.S. typology cited in Betsy Rymes 2008. The category of typical adjacency pairs listed here are greeting greeting,
question answer, invitation acceptance, assessment disagreement, apology acceptance, and summons acknowledgement. Any other of typical adjacency
pairs occurred found in the field was presented in the research results.
1. Research Participants
The participants in this research werefrom the English teacher who conducts English Day program and the students of grade IV
– Pegasus at Mutiara Persada Elementary school Yogyakarta. He is the homeroom teacher in this class
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and has a high dedicated in English teaching. The total students in his class were 23 students consist of 10 girls and 13 boys.
2. Research Setting
The setting of this research was conducted at Mutiara Persada Elementary School Yogyakarta. This school was selected since unlike other elementary
schools, this school has an English Day program. The homeroom teacher and the students of grade IV
–Pegasus as the participants of this research. Since English Day program is conducted in outdoor
and indoor situations, the researcher followed the schedule of this program. Where the indoor activity is run at school in the classroom and the outdoor
activity is run out of school settings, such as in museum, airport, Holland Bakery shop, zoo, etc. Thus, the outdoor activity is run once a month at the third weeks.
D. Research Instrument
The research instrument in this research was a cam-recorder. The recorded data were based on the observation in the English Day activities; indoor and
outdoor. Then, it was transcribed into transcriptions in order to make it easier to be analyzed. The recorded data consisted of the teacher-student interactions
occurred in classroom and out of classroom settings.
E. Data Collection
This research used observation as the technique of collecting data about the adjacency pairs in teache-students interaction in English Day program. The
natural data of teacher-student interactions gathered from either classroom and non-classroom settings based on the schedule of the English Day program.
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According to Paul Ten Have 1999:48, there are four general phases in doing the classroom discourse research:
1 Getting and marking recordings of natural interaction 2 Transcribing the recorded data
3 Analyzing the data 4 Reporting the research
The technique of data collection in this research were a non-participant classroom observation, and 2 recording data and field note taking of teacher‟s
a nd students‟ speech during the English Day program; indoor and outdoor
activities. The data were collected without researchers involvement, it was done by only getting the recording where the interactions took place for example,
when the teacher gave information, instructions, or asked question to students and how student responses to their teacher without having communication with any
one in the classroom. To get the data, the researcher observed the participants by using the cam-
corder to get the whole classroom talk and classroom situation. The observation was focused on the teacher and students utterances. Before doing the observation,
of course there was a procedure to be followed. Firstly, the researcher met the head master of the school to ask the permition by showing a recommendation
letter for conducting the observation. After getting the permition from the principle, the researcher met the homeroom teacher to make an appointment about
the schedules of conducting observation. After that, the researcher prepared everything that need to be used in the classroom observation. The first observation
conducted on Saturday, November 1
st
, 2014. The classroom being observed was
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IV-Pegasus graders which consist of 23 students. At that time, the class was conducting the English Day Program indoor activities. They had two games; the
first game students were in the competition to find the unfamiliar words in the dictionary and the second was problem-solving games. The activities run from 7.
30am up to 08.30 am. Since the English Day Program only run each Saturday, and at the end of month the program runs out of school which called outdoor
activities.
F. Research Procedures
It is important to display the procedures of the research to know the steps of conducting this discourse analysis research. There were some steps in conducting
this result: 1. Conducting observation of natural interaction indoor and outdoor of
English Day program. 2. Classifying the observation data. The data found were transcribed into
text and after that the researcher chosen the utterances which contained adjacency pairs. The data were classified and grouped based on
Rymes‟ 2008 typical adjacency pairs. 3. After classifying the data, coding process done in order to make sense
of the data. The lists of coding systems presented into table. 4. The next step was analyzing the data. The data was processed into
table based on: language functions of teacher and students, and the contexts of use.
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