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peer viewers is because they have the same study program and concentration with the researcher. Moreover, the researcher also consulted with the two supervisors,
Ari Nurhayati, M.Hum, and Eko Rujito Dwi Atmojo, S.S., M.Hum, since both of them are scholars in literature.
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CHAPTER IV FINDING AND DISCUSSION
This chapter elaborates the finding and discussion of the research. The data are used to clarify and verify the discussion. There are two major parts for
this chapter. The first part answers the first research question along with its discussion. The researcher finds all of the twelve stages of the archetypes of
hero’s journey in The Alchemist by Paulo Coelho. The archetpes of hero’s journey in the novel demonstrate that
The Alchemist’s narrative pattern follows the universal pattern of the Monomyth, a mythic structure of Separation
– Initiation - Return. The second part answers the second question. It uncovers the literary
elements used to reveal those archetypes. Structuralism approach is used, with the aim to expose the finding, showing that the narrative pattern of a single story is
integrated into a kind of structure which is constructed as the form patterns for all stories. In the process to prove that the narrative pattern of The Alchemist
complies with the form of the archetypes of hero’s journey, Christopher Vogler’s
version of mythic structure is applied.
A. The Archetypes of Hero’s Journey in The Alchemist
There are twelve stages according to Vogler that a hero must undergo in his journey that signify the Monomyth of Separation- Initiation- Return.
Separation or act one consists of the stages of The Ordinary World, The Call to Adventure, Refusal of the Call, Meeting with the Mentor, and Crossing the First
Threshold. Initiation or act two special world consists os the stages of Tests- Allies-Enemies, The Approach to the Inmost Cave, the crisis or Supreme Ordeal,
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and Seizing the Reward. Return or act three consists of the stages of the Road Back, Resurrection, and Return with Elixir. The Alchemist by Paulo Coelho
complies all of the stages of the archetypes of hero’s journey and follows the
patterns of the Monomyth as seen in the table and discussed below.
Table. 2 The Archetypes of Hero’s Journey
Act No.
Stages of the Archetypes of
Hero’s Journey
Brief Notes
Act one:
Separa tion
1. The Ordinary World
The Hero, Santiago, is presented in Andalusia region.
2. The Call to Adventure
The call is the dream about the treasure. 3.
Refusal of the Call Santiago fears to achieve the treasure
and concerns to the habitual activities. 4.
Meeting with Mentor Santiago meets the old man.
5. Crossing
the First
Threshold Santiago leaves Andalusia, crosses the
sea to North Africa. Act
two: Initiati
on 6.
Test-Allies-enemies Santiago finds many obstacles, meets
allies, and fights the enemies. 7.
Approach to
the Inmost Cave
Santiago passes the desert and arrives to the Oasis.
8. the crisis or Supreme
Ordeal Santiago experiences death and rebirth
quality as he is forced to control the wind or turn himself to the wind.
9. Seizing the Reward
Santiago gets the escort party to accompany him as far as he needed.
Santiago gets the knowledge about the language of the world.
Act three:
Return 10.
The Road Back Santiago leaves Coptic Monastery, rides
along through the desert heading to the Pyramids of Egypt.
11. Resurrection
Santiago gets the real physical injury
52 from the opponent character.
12. Return with the Elixir
Santiago gets the elixir that is the message about the treasure in the end of
the story and brings it to his ordinary world in order to find the physical
treasure which is presented in Epilogue.
1. The Ordinary World
The stage of Ordinary World is the mundane or familiar environment where the hero is taken out. In most tales, the ordinary world is set commonly in
the opening of story. As noted in the chapter two, there are some functions and characteristics of this stage. First, it introduces the hero and his environment.
Second, it shows the hero’s lack, hero’s wound, and hero’s inner and outer
problem. Third, it suggests dramatic question of the story. Fourth, it exposes hero’s back-story. Fifth, it foreshadows the model of the special world.
a. Introducing the Hero and His Environment
In The Alchemist, the hero is presented as a shepherd boy named Santiago who lives in countryside of Andalusia and has spent the past two years of
exploring Andalusia region for food and water for his flock. Coelho introduces the story by presenting an appealing atmosphere of the environment and a unique
character of the hero. These are the first lines by which Coelho introduces the stage of the ordinary world:
The boy’s name was Santiago. Dusk was falling as the boy arrived with
his herd at an abandoned church. The roof had fallen in long ago, and an enormous sycamore had grown on the spot where the sacristy had once
stood. He decided to spend the night there. He saw to it that all the sheep entered through the ruined
gate… Coelho, 1993: 3.
