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F. Validity or Trustworthiness
Since qualitative method relies on human as its main instrument, errors might occur. To avoid the occurrence of errors, there is a need for rechecking the
data that have been collected, because the validity of researchers who use qualitative methods is dependent on the data they get. According to Krippendorf
1981: 155 “Validity designates that quality of research result which leads one to accept them as indisputable fact”.
In other words, validity is a quality that makes a research is accepted as a truth. Therefore, attempts to minimize the error are
essential to gain the validity of the research. In qualitative research, validity is also commonly called trustworthiness.
To ensure the quality of the findings, the researcher employs a technique which enhances trustworthiness. This technique is called triangulation. According to
Vanderstoep and Johnston 2009: 179 triangulation is used to establish validity and reliability of data. It is very crucial because it can reduce the chance of bias in
data findings and interpretation. Johnston 2009: 61 adds that to gain the trustworthiness we can have different people or participants to try the procedure
by asking them to look at data. In other words, triangulation is a technique for checking the trustworthiness of data by verifies the data in persistent observation
and in discussion with other participants. To apply the technique of triangulation, the researcher did peer discussion
with her colleagues of English Language and Literature Study Program, namely Windy Riyanti and Indra Budi Prabowo. The consideration of choosing those two
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peer viewers is because they have the same study program and concentration with the researcher. Moreover, the researcher also consulted with the two supervisors,
Ari Nurhayati, M.Hum, and Eko Rujito Dwi Atmojo, S.S., M.Hum, since both of them are scholars in literature.
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