The Research Design RESEARCH METHOD

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E. Data Analysis

The researcher tried to reveal the archetypes of hero’s journey and to uncover the way the archetypes of hero’s journey are presented in the novel. Paulo Coelho’s The Alchemist is the object of the research. The researcher relied on Cre swell’s idea of qualitative method. In analysing the data, Creswell 2009: 185 mentions the six steps namely organizing and preparing the data, reading through all the data, coding the data, giving a description, interrelating description and interpreting the meaning of description. In this research, firstly, the researcher identified the data from the novel, The Alchemist, by making some notes. Secondly, the researcher read and reread the whole data and arranged the data into two major parts. The first part is the stages of archetypes of hero’s journey and the second part is the methods used to reveal those stages of the archetypes of hero’s journey. Thirdly, the researcher coded and categorized the data in the data table into thematic categories related to the stages of archetype of hero’s journey that appear in the novel. Fourthly, the researcher sorted or ordered the data by selecting the relevant data and excluding the irrelevant data. The selected relevant data were classified and interpreted according to its thematic meaning. Fifthly, the researcher made the interrelation between the description of the data and Vogler’s theory of archetypes of hero’s journey to get the findings based on the objectives and the discussion. Finally, the researcher made an interpretation of the findings based on researcher’s comprehension about the theory. 48

F. Validity or Trustworthiness

Since qualitative method relies on human as its main instrument, errors might occur. To avoid the occurrence of errors, there is a need for rechecking the data that have been collected, because the validity of researchers who use qualitative methods is dependent on the data they get. According to Krippendorf 1981: 155 “Validity designates that quality of research result which leads one to accept them as indisputable fact”. In other words, validity is a quality that makes a research is accepted as a truth. Therefore, attempts to minimize the error are essential to gain the validity of the research. In qualitative research, validity is also commonly called trustworthiness. To ensure the quality of the findings, the researcher employs a technique which enhances trustworthiness. This technique is called triangulation. According to Vanderstoep and Johnston 2009: 179 triangulation is used to establish validity and reliability of data. It is very crucial because it can reduce the chance of bias in data findings and interpretation. Johnston 2009: 61 adds that to gain the trustworthiness we can have different people or participants to try the procedure by asking them to look at data. In other words, triangulation is a technique for checking the trustworthiness of data by verifies the data in persistent observation and in discussion with other participants. To apply the technique of triangulation, the researcher did peer discussion with her colleagues of English Language and Literature Study Program, namely Windy Riyanti and Indra Budi Prabowo. The consideration of choosing those two