The Conceptual Framework LITERATURE REVIEW AND THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
process, ethnographic observation observing people enacting culture, analysis of documents and material culture written text or cultural artifacts,
and visual analysis e.g. interpretation of mediated communication texts such as films or television programs.
Since the object of this study is non-literary text in the form of newspaper, the researcher used analysis of documents by
note taking as the data collection technique. The researcher collected the data of figures of speech from The Jakarta Post newspaper headlines in the
contexts of body and title. The procedures of data collection are listed as follows:
1. the researcher read the selected newspaper headlines comprehensively to find out the appropriate data based on the
researcher’s perception, researcher’s knowledge, and theories of figures of speech;
2. the researcher identified the objects to select the data; 3. the researcher analyzed the selected data to understand the context to
su pport the researcher’s analysis;
4. the researcher used the experts’ theories of figures of speech as stated in literature review to see their conformity with the selected data;
5. the researcher classified the relevant data based on the categorizations; and
6. the researcher transferred the data into the data sheet.
The sample of data sheet is presented in the table below.
Table 1. The Sample of Data Sheet of Types and Functions of Figures of Speech in The Jakarta Post Headlines under the Issue of KPK vs. Polri
Code Data
Types Functions
Explanation a b c d e f g h i j k l 1 2 3 4
19N3g4 KPK faces
total paralysis
√ √ Although the sentence
said the KPK which faces total paralysis, it actually
means the
KPK leadership.
Here the
expression is considered as a synecdoche since it
associates the KPK with its
commissioners’ leadership. The use of
synecdoche in
this expression functions to
mention the
commissioners’ leadership of the KPK in a
brief way
by only
mentioning the institution name.
Notes : Code : Number of DatumNews HeadlineTypes of Figures of
SpeechFunctions of Figures of Speech Types of Figures of Speech
Functions of Figures of Speech a
: Metaphor 1
: Affording imaginative pleasure b
: Simile 2
: Bringing an additional imagery c
: Personification 3
: Adding emotional intensity d
: Apostrophe 4
: Saying much in a brief compass e
: Metonymy f
: Symbol News Headlines
g : Synecdoche
N1 : Opposition against Budi on rise
h : Allegory
N2 : Budi’s case exposes rivalry
i : Paradox
within police j
: OverstatementHyperbole N3
: KPK faces total paralysis k
: UnderstatementLitotes l
: Irony