Background of the study.

12 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the study.

Literary term is used to mention cultural phenomena that can be visited on society. Eventhough as in society, economics, and religion that their existence is not necessity too. This term is meant that literature is a universal phenomenon. However, the universal phenomenon is not always getting a universal concept. The criteria of literary work existing in society are not always same to the other society. 1 For a big part of readers, interest in reading literary text revolves on the stories which give interesting story by the author. This thing is added by the other reasons, such as Gender, Stylistic, Feminism, Character, and Plot. Plot containing about happiness, such as romantic story, and humorous story, or sadness story, is part of literary work. Literary work has two elements. Both of them are intrinsic and extrinsic elements. The writer will concentrate in intrinsic element, especially in stylistic. The stylistic element in literary work used by the author on short story Mother’s Hair can be related in linguistic aspect. So, the writer will explore for literature in linguistic aspect, especially in stylistic. 1 Drs. Jabrohim, Metode Penelitian Sastra Jakarta: Hanindita, 2002, p.9 13 For linguistic- the study of language -, language is arbitrary sound which used by certain groups society in working together, communicating, and identifying. 2 Therefore, to conceive the literary text, is not only need to understand the meaning of the literature, but also we can response to conceive deeply what we have read. So, it will be given a satisfying self for us as a reader. Based on the reasons above, the writer gives opinion that the literature will be more interesting if the literature, especially short story, is analyzed by linguistic aspect that is focused on the style of language. Many of language experts say that this approach is called stylistic. Stylistic explains about the form of language especially in style, such as Figurative Language. The Figurative as in phrases like, mouth of the river, head of the school, foot of the bed, etc , are samples of Metaphorical form. Metaphor is a means of comparing things that are essentially not similar. The focus of attention of a stylistic analysis is a style, it means that the way used to the author explains about what the meaning of language as the instrument. The style can be translated as a stylistic. Suyuti says, “In short, the constructive elements of the style of the author are diction, imagery, and syntax. Diction can be simply translated as selection of words. In the correlation, Connotation and Denotation are cannot be ignored. Denotation is dictionary meaning or meaning of the words, and connotation 2 Kushartanti, et. al., Pesona Bahasa Langkah Awal Memahami Linguistik Jakarta: PT. Gramedia, 2005, p.5 14 is something associated or suggested. Denotation and connotation are simple and illusion.” 3 Style is something deviating from common use. A deviation is aimed to make a better and beautiful language. The beauty often appears on literary work, because literature is contained by aesthetic element. Autonomy of aesthetic seems as if stylistic has a strong region. The stylistic becomes very different with the daily language. Because of that, it is very interesting for the writer to analyze the stylistic. 4 The branch of language discussing about the stylistic and the study of meaning of language is Semantic. Semantic is the technical term used to refer to the study of meaning. Unfortunately, meaning covers a variety of aspects of language, and there is no very general agreement either about what meaning is or about the way in which it should be described. 5 Semantic is also related with a figurative language discussing about the meaning of language. It is called as figurative meaning. In semantics Figurative meaning describes a very common type of extension of meaning for a word. In some instances, the figurative meaning of words may become so common that the original, literal meaning may be superseded, so-called dead metaphor . 6 3 Prof. Dr. Suminto A. Suyuti, Berkenalan Dengan Fiksi Jakarta: Gama Media, 1994, p.173 4 Sukron Kamil, Kritik Sastra Arab. Teori Klasik dan Moderen Jakarta: UIN, 2004, p.71 5 F.R. Palmer, Semantic. A New Outline London: Cambridge University Press, 1976, p.1 6 Katie Wales, A Dictionary Of Stylistic New York: Longman, 1991, p.175 15 The short story Mother’s Hair on the Jakarta Post by Hamzah Puadi Ilyas is a literary text that will be analyzed by the writer to the stylistic approach. The short story has various events. The writer concerns that there are many kinds of stylistics used by the author in the short story Mother’s Hair. One of them is the illusion word or Figurative Language at the following sentence: “Tunggal, my son, go to the Guava tree beside our house. The tree has borne fruit. ” 7 The sentence above is a form of figurative language that used by the author in personification form. It explains that the dead things have the attributes of human being. Besides that, there is Simile on this sentence: “Then I saw a black shadow pulling at mother’s hair, accompanied by a howl, like a wolf. ” 8 The sentence above explains that the author uses word of Like. So, in this case, the writer will analyze more deeply about stylistic that used by the author on short story Mother’s Hair.

B. Focus of the Study.