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BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
5.1. Kesimpulan
1.Pemakaian albendazole dosis 400 mg sehari selama 1 hari, 2 hari dan 3 hari dapat menurunkan intensitas infeksi secara signifikan.
2.Pemakaian obat cacing albendazole dosis 400 mg sekali sehari selama 3 hari hanya efektif untuk pengobatan trikuriasis dengan intensitas ringan karena
mempunyai Cure Rate dan ERR tinggi. 3.Dijumpai adanya efek samping obat pada 2 orang murid 0,73 dan ringan
berupa sakit kepala yang timbul pada hari ketiga pemberian obat, dan hilang dalam 1 hari tanpa diberi pengobatan.
5.2. Saran
Perlu penelitian lanjutan dengan dosis dan lama pemakaian yang berbeda untuk mencari dosis efektif dalam menanggulangi infeksi cacing cambuk
dengan intensitas sedang dan intensitas berat untuk penyempurnaan penelitian ini.
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DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Adams,V.J.; Lombard,C,J,; Dhansay,M,A,; Markus,M,B,; Fincham,J,E,; 2004; Efficacy of albendazole against whipworm Trihuris trichiura – a randomised
controlled trial; South African Medical Journal; 9412: 972 – 976 Beaver P C, Jung R C, Eddie Wayne Cupp; 1984; Clinical Parasitology; Lea
Febigeer; Philadelphia; 9 tn Edition; p. 240 – 245 Bertram G.Katzung . 2004. Farmakologi Dasar dan Klinis, Bagian Farmakologi
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Erlangga, Penerbit Salemba Medika, Mc Graw Hill, edisi 8, Hal. 261 – 269
Brown,H.W. 1979. Dasar Parasitologi Klinik , Edisi ke-3, Penerbit Gramedia Jakarta Hal. 183 – 189
Cox, F,E,G ; 1994; Modern Parasitology; 2 nd Edition; Blackwell Scientific Publication; pg. 225 – 227
Faust Ernest C.; Russel Paul F; Graig and Faust; 1965; Clinical Parasitology ; Phladelphia ; Lea Fabiger ; Seventh edition , ; p. 354 – 365
Gandahusada, S; Ilahude, Herry D; Pribadi , W; 1998 ; Parasitologi Kedokteran; Edisi ketiga Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia; . Hal
.20 - 23 Goodman G A; 1996; The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics; Mc Grow-Hill;
International Edition; ninth edition; p. 1012 - 1015 Legesse, M; Erko, B; Medhin,G ; 2004; Comparative efficacy of Albendazole and
three brands of mebendazole in the treatment of ascariasis and trichuriasis; Easth African Medical Journal; 813 : 134 – 138
Markell E. K; John D. T. , Krotoski W. A. 1999. Medical Parasitology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ,19106, Eighth edition, p. 267 – 293
Miyazaki I, ; 1991; An Illustrated Book of Helminthic Zoonoses; Shukosha Printing Fukuoka, Jepang; First edition; p 442 – 445
Rusdi Yunus : Keefektifan Albendazole Pemberian Sekali Sehari Selama 1,2 Dan 3 Hari Dalam…, 2008 USU e-Repository © 2008
Montresor,S ; Crompton,D.W.T.; Hall, Brundy,D.A.P.; Savioli,L; 1998; Guideline for the evaluation of soil-transmitted helminth and
Schistosomiasis at community level . WHO CTD SIP 98.1 Pratiknya A W; 2001; Dasar-Dasar Metodologi Penelitian Kedokteran Kesehatan
; PT Raja Grafindo Persada;Jakarta;Edisi1;hal.117 – 163 Sasongko A. 1996. Program pemberantasan cacingan di sekolah- sekolah dasar
DKI Jakarta 1987-1995. Dalam: Seminar Parasitologi Nasional VIII dan Kongres P4I VII, Medan;:2-3 sekolah dasar DKIJakarta 1987-1995. Dalam:
Seminar Parasitologi Nasional VIII dan Kongres P4I VII, Medan;:2-3
Siregar, C ; 2005; Pengaruh Albendazole Pada Pertumbuhan Fisik Anak Penderita Infeksi Cacing Usus yang Ditularkan Melalui Tanah; Thesis;
Bagian Ilmu Kesehatan Anak Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara; Medan
Sirivichayakul C, Pojjoen-anant C, Wisetsing P, Praevanit R, Chantavanish P, Limkittikal K; 2003; The effectiveness of 3, 5 or 7 days of albendazole for
the treatment of Trichuris trichiura infection; Ann trop Med Parasitolo, 978: 647-53
Subahar R; Mahfudin H; Ismid IS. 1995.Pendidikan dan pengetahuan orangtua murid sehubungan dengan upaya pemberantasan penyakit cacing usus di
Duren Sawit Jakarta Timur. Majalah Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia;:4-21.
V.Y.Belizario; M.E.Amarillo; W.U.de Leon; et al . 2003 . A comparison of the efficacy of single dose of Albendazole, Ivermectin, and Diethylcarba mazine
alone or in combinations against Ascaris and Trichuris spp., World Health Organization Bulletin of the World Health Organization; 81 , 1; Proquest
Medical Library, pg. 35
Zaman, V; 1997; Atlas Parasitologi Kedokteran; Edisi-II , Penerbit Hypokrates; Jakarta; Alih bahasa: dr.Chairil Anwar, drs.med.Yandi Mursal; hal.200
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NPar Tests Obat 1
One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test
45 45
45 45
45 45
9.856 25.567
1.3038 14.7416
1276.36 246.76
1.4795 7.2665
.09003 2.44052
1435.660 554.448
.138 .155
.098 .137
.243 .362
.087 .155
.098 .137
.243 .362
-.138 -.073
-.063 -.056
-.210 -.328
.928 1.041
.655 .917
1.633 2.425
.355 .229
.784 .369
.010 .000
N Mean
Std. Deviation Normal Parameters
a,b
Absolute Positive
Negative Most Extreme
Differences Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z
Asymp. Sig. 2-tailed Umur tahun
Berat bdan Kg
Tinggi badan cm
Body mass index
Jumlah telur cacing
pergram tinja sebelum
pengobatan Jumlah telur
cacing pergram tinja
setelah pengobatan
Test distribution is Normal. a.
Calculated from data. b.
NPar Tests obat 2
One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test
53 53
53 53
53 53
8.123 19.689
1.2104 13.3798
789.06 70.19
1.3370 3.7930
.07901 1.73855
896.328 165.599
.177 .157
.092 .080
.219 .365
.177 .157
.092 .080
.219 .365
-.125 -.090
-.061 -.061
-.212 -.336
1.287 1.143
.672 .581
1.595 2.654
.073 .147
.757 .889
.012 .000
N Mean
Std. Deviation Normal Parameters
a,b
Absolute Positive
Negative Most Extreme
Differences Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z
Asymp. Sig. 2-tailed Umur tahun
Berat bdan Kg
Tinggi badan cm
Body mass index
Jumlah telur cacing
pergram tinja sebelum
pengobatan Jumlah telur
cacing pergram tinja
setelah pengobatan
Test distribution is Normal. a.
Calculated from data. b.
NPar Tests obat 3
One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test
67 67
67 67
67 67
9.679 24.052
1.3004 14.0533
993.61 15.76
1.3945 5.2902
.08691 1.78159
1389.387 34.083
.173 .058
.076 .073
.243 .424
.125 .058
.076 .073
.238 .424
-.173 -.044
-.064 -.043
-.243 -.322
1.417 .474
.618 .599
1.986 3.474
.036 .978
.839 .866
.001 .000
N Mean
Std. Deviation Normal Parameters
a,b
Absolute Positive
Negative Most Extreme
Differences Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z
Asymp. Sig. 2-tailed Umur tahun
Berat bdan Kg
Tinggi badan cm
Body mass index
Jumlah telur cacing
pergram tinja sebelum
pengobatan Jumlah telur
cacing pergram tinja
setelah pengobatan
Test distribution is Normal. a.
Calculated from data. b.
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Crosstabs Kelas Kelompok pemberian obat
Crosstab
4 12
6 22
6.0 7.1
8.9 22.0
18.2 54.5
27.3 100.0
8.9 22.6
9.0 13.3
2.4 7.3
3.6 13.3
3 20
13 36
9.8 11.6
14.6 36.0
8.3 55.6
36.1 100.0
6.7 37.7
19.4 21.8
1.8 12.1
7.9 21.8
5 11
9 25
6.8 8.0
10.2 25.0
20.0 44.0
36.0 100.0
11.1 20.8
13.4 15.2
3.0 6.7
5.5 15.2
18 6
18 42
11.5 13.5
17.1 42.0
42.9 14.3
42.9 100.0
40.0 11.3
26.9 25.5
10.9 3.6
10.9 25.5
10 3
19 32
8.7 10.3
13.0 32.0
31.3 9.4
59.4 100.0
22.2 5.7
28.4 19.4
6.1 1.8
11.5 19.4
5 1
2 8
2.2 2.6
3.2 8.0
62.5 12.5
25.0 100.0
11.1 1.9
3.0 4.8
3.0 .6
1.2 4.8
45 53
67 165
45.0 53.0
67.0 165.0
27.3 32.1
40.6 100.0
100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0
27.3 32.1
40.6 100.0
Count Expected Count
within Kelas within Kelompok
pemberian obat of Total
Count Expected Count
within Kelas within Kelompok
pemberian obat of Total
Count Expected Count
within Kelas within Kelompok
pemberian obat of Total
Count Expected Count
within Kelas within Kelompok
pemberian obat of Total
Count Expected Count
within Kelas within Kelompok
pemberian obat of Total
Count Expected Count
within Kelas within Kelompok
pemberian obat of Total
Count Expected Count
within Kelas within Kelompok
pemberian obat of Total
Kelas I
Kelas II
Kelas III
Kelas IV
Kelas V
Kelas VI Kelas
Total Pemberian 1
hari Pemberian 2
hari Pemberian 3
hari Kelompok pemberian obat
Total
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Chi-Square Tests
39.003
a
10 .000
40.821 10
.000 .583
1 .445
165 Pearson Chi-Square
Likelihood Ratio Linear-by-Linear
Association N of Valid Cases
Value df
Asymp. Sig. 2-sided
3 cells 16.7 have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 2.18.
a.
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Kelas Kelompok pemberian obat
Crosstab
12 43
28 83
22.6 26.7
33.7 83.0
14.5 51.8
33.7 100.0
26.7 81.1
41.8 50.3
7.3 26.1
17.0 50.3
33 10
39 82
22.4 26.3
33.3 82.0
40.2 12.2
47.6 100.0
73.3 18.9
58.2 49.7
20.0 6.1
23.6 49.7
45 53
67 165
45.0 53.0
67.0 165.0
27.3 32.1
40.6 100.0
100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0
27.3 32.1
40.6 100.0
Count Expected Count
within Kelas within Kelompok
pemberian obat of Total
Count Expected Count
within Kelas within Kelompok
pemberian obat of Total
Count Expected Count
within Kelas within Kelompok
pemberian obat of Total
Kelas I-III
Kelas IV-VI Kelas
Total Pemberian 1
hari Pemberian 2
hari Pemberian 3
hari Kelompok pemberian obat
Total
Chi-Square Tests
32.148
a
2 .000
34.137 2
.000 .887
1 .346
165 Pearson Chi-Square
Likelihood Ratio Linear-by-Linear
Association N of Valid Cases
Value df
Asymp. Sig. 2-sided
0 cells .0 have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 22.36.
a.
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Jenis kelamin Kelompok pemberian obat
Crosstab
22 23
34 79
21.5 25.4
32.1 79.0
27.8 29.1
43.0 100.0
48.9 43.4
50.7 47.9
13.3 13.9
20.6 47.9
23 30
33 86
23.5 27.6
34.9 86.0
26.7 34.9
38.4 100.0
51.1 56.6
49.3 52.1
13.9 18.2
20.0 52.1
45 53
67 165
45.0 53.0
67.0 165.0
27.3 32.1
40.6 100.0
100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0
27.3 32.1
40.6 100.0
Count Expected Count
within Jenis kelamin within Kelompok
pemberian obat of Total
Count Expected Count
within Jenis kelamin within Kelompok
pemberian obat of Total
Count Expected Count
within Jenis kelamin within Kelompok
pemberian obat of Total
Wanita
Pria Jenis kelamin
Total Pemberian 1
hari Pemberian 2
hari Pemberian 3
hari Kelompok pemberian obat
Total
Chi-Square Tests
.666
a
2 .717
.667 2
.716 .079
1 .779
165 Pearson Chi-Square
Likelihood Ratio Linear-by-Linear
Association N of Valid Cases
Value df
Asymp. Sig. 2-sided
0 cells .0 have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 21.55.
a.
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Intensitas infeksi sebelum pengobatan Kelompok pemberian obat
Crosstab
25 41
46 112
30.5 36.0
45.5 112.0
22.3 36.6
41.1 100.0
55.6 77.4
68.7 67.9
15.2 24.8
27.9 67.9
17 12
18 47
12.8 15.1
19.1 47.0
36.2 25.5
38.3 100.0
37.8 22.6
26.9 28.5
10.3 7.3
10.9 28.5
3 3
6 1.6
1.9 2.4
6.0 50.0
.0 50.0
100.0 6.7
.0 4.5
3.6 1.8
.0 1.8
3.6 45
53 67
165 45.0
53.0 67.0
165.0 27.3
32.1 40.6
100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0
100.0 27.3
32.1 40.6
100.0 Count
Expected Count within Intensitas infeksi
sebelum pengobatan within Kelompok
pemberian obat of Total
Count Expected Count
within Intensitas infeksi sebelum pengobatan
within Kelompok pemberian obat
of Total Count
Expected Count within Intensitas infeksi
sebelum pengobatan within Kelompok
pemberian obat of Total
Count Expected Count
within Intensitas infeksi sebelum pengobatan
within Kelompok pemberian obat
of Total Ringan 1-999 telurgr
Sedang1000-4999 telurgr
Berat = 5000 telurgr Intensitas
infeksi sebelum pengobatan
Total Pemberian 1
hari Pemberian 2
hari Pemberian 3
hari Kelompok pemberian obat
Total
Chi-Square Tests
6.970
a
4 .137
8.619 4
.071 1.421
1 .233
165 Pearson Chi-Square
Likelihood Ratio Linear-by-Linear
Association N of Valid Cases
Value df
Asymp. Sig. 2-sided
3 cells 33.3 have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 1.64.
a.
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Intensitas infeksi setelah pengobatan Kelompok pemberian obat
Crosstab
39 53
67 159
43.4 51.1
64.6 159.0
24.5 33.3
42.1 100.0
86.7 100.0
100.0 96.4
23.6 32.1
40.6 96.4
6 6
1.6 1.9
2.4 6.0
100.0 .0
.0 100.0
13.3 .0
.0 3.6
3.6 .0
.0 3.6
45 53
67 165
45.0 53.0
67.0 165.0
27.3 32.1
40.6 100.0
100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0
27.3 32.1
40.6 100.0
Count Expected Count
within Intensitas infeksi setelah pengobatan
within Kelompok pemberian obat
of Total Count
Expected Count within Intensitas infeksi
setelah pengobatan within Kelompok
pemberian obat of Total
Count Expected Count
within Intensitas infeksi setelah pengobatan
within Kelompok pemberian obat
of Total Ringan 1-999 telurgr
Sedang1000-4999 telurgr
Intensitas infeksi setelah pengobatan
Total Pemberian 1
hari Pemberian 2
hari Pemberian 3
hari Kelompok pemberian obat
Total
Chi-Square Tests
16.604
a
2 .000
16.209 2
.000 12.026
1 .001
165 Pearson Chi-Square
Likelihood Ratio Linear-by-Linear
Association N of Valid Cases
Value df
Asymp. Sig. 2-sided
3 cells 50.0 have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 1.64.
a.
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Sembuh Kelompok pemberian obat
Crosstab
24 30
50 104
28.4 33.4
42.2 104.0
23.1 28.8
48.1 100.0
53.3 56.6
74.6 63.0
14.5 18.2
30.3 63.0
21 23
17 61
16.6 19.6
24.8 61.0
34.4 37.7
27.9 100.0
46.7 43.4
25.4 37.0
12.7 13.9
10.3 37.0
45 53
67 165
45.0 53.0
67.0 165.0
27.3 32.1
40.6 100.0
100.0 100.0
100.0 100.0
27.3 32.1
40.6 100.0
Count Expected Count
within Sembuh within Kelompok
pemberian obat of Total
Count Expected Count
within Sembuh within Kelompok
pemberian obat of Total
Count Expected Count
within Sembuh within Kelompok
pemberian obat of Total
Sembuh
Belum sembuh Sembuh
Total Pemberian 1
hari Pemberian 2
hari Pemberian 3
hari Kelompok pemberian obat
Total
Chi-Square Tests
6.622
a
2 .036
6.775 2
.034 5.757
1 .016
165 Pearson Chi-Square
Likelihood Ratio Linear-by-Linear
Association N of Valid Cases
Value df
Asymp. Sig. 2-sided
0 cells .0 have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 16.64.
a.
Oneway
Descriptives
Umur tahun 45
9.856 1.4795
.2205 9.411
10.300 6.0
13.0 53
8.123 1.3370
.1837 7.754
8.491 6.0
12.0 67
9.679 1.3945
.1704 9.339
10.019 6.5
13.0 165
9.227 1.5883
.1236 8.983
9.471 6.0
13.0 Pemberian 1 hari
Pemberian 2 hari Pemberian 3 hari
Total N
Mean Std. Deviation
Std. Error Lower Bound
Upper Bound 95 Confidence Interval for
Mean Minimum
Maximum
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Test of Homogeneity of Variances
Umur tahun .063
2 162
.939 Levene
Statistic df1
df2 Sig.
ANOVA
Umur tahun 96.113
2 48.056
24.511 .000
317.615 162
1.961 413.727
164 Between Groups
Within Groups Total
Sum of Squares
df Mean Square
F Sig.
Post Hoc Tests
Multiple Comparisons
Dependent Variable: Umur tahun LSD
1.733 .2838
.000 1.172
2.293 .176
.2699 .514
-.356 .709
-1.733 .2838
.000 -2.293
-1.172 -1.556
.2574 .000
-2.065 -1.048
-.176 .2699
.514 -.709
.356 1.556
.2574 .000
1.048 2.065
J Kelompok pemberian obat
Pemberian 2 hari Pemberian 3 hari
Pemberian 1 hari Pemberian 3 hari
Pemberian 1 hari Pemberian 2 hari
I Kelompok pemberian obat
Pemberian 1 hari
Pemberian 2 hari Pemberian 3 hari
Mean Difference
I-J Std. Error
Sig. Lower Bound
Upper Bound 95 Confidence Interval
The mean difference is significant at the .05 level. .
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Means Plots
Kelompok pemberian obat
Pemberian 3 hari Pemberian 2 hari
Pemberian 1 hari
Mean of Umur tahun
10.0
9.5
9.0
8.5 8.0
Oneway
Descriptives
Berat bdan Kg 45
25.567 7.2665
1.0832 23.384
27.750 15.0
45.0 53
19.689 3.7930
.5210 18.643
20.734 14.5
29.5 67
24.052 5.2902
.6463 22.762
25.343 14.5
35.5 165
23.064 5.9825
.4657 22.144
23.983 14.5
45.0 Pemberian 1 hari
Pemberian 2 hari Pemberian 3 hari
Total N
Mean Std. Deviation
Std. Error Lower Bound
Upper Bound 95 Confidence Interval for
Mean Minimum
Maximum
Test of Homogeneity of Variances
Berat bdan Kg 4.976
2 162
.008 Levene
Statistic df1
df2 Sig.
ANOVA
Berat bdan Kg 951.101
2 475.551
15.663 .000
4918.480 162
30.361 5869.582
164 Between Groups
Within Groups Total
Sum of Squares
df Mean Square
F Sig.
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Post Hoc Tests
Multiple Comparisons
Dependent Variable: Berat bdan Kg LSD
5.878 1.1169
.000 3.672
8.084 1.514
1.0620 .156
-.583 3.612
-5.878 1.1169
.000 -8.084
-3.672 -4.364
1.0129 .000
-6.364 -2.363
-1.514 1.0620
.156 -3.612
.583 4.364
1.0129 .000
2.363 6.364
J Kelompok pemberian obat
Pemberian 2 hari Pemberian 3 hari
Pemberian 1 hari Pemberian 3 hari
Pemberian 1 hari Pemberian 2 hari
I Kelompok pemberian obat
Pemberian 1 hari
Pemberian 2 hari Pemberian 3 hari
Mean Difference
I-J Std. Error
Sig. Lower Bound
Upper Bound 95 Confidence Interval
The mean difference is significant at the .05 level. .
Means Plots
Kelompok pemberian obat
Pemberian 3 hari Pemberian 2 hari
Pemberian 1 hari
Mean of Berat bdan Kg
26 25
24 23
22 21
20 19
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