29 These two languages existed side by side in England with no noticeable
difficulties; in fact, since English was essentially ignored by grammarians during this time, it took advantage of its lowly status to become a grammatically simpler
language and, after only 70 or 80 years existing side-by-side with French, Old English.
Linguistics in general and Indo-European linguistics in particular arose with the comparison of the similarities in vocabulary, similarities in phonology,
similarities in morphology, similarities in semantic between English and French language.
3.1 Similarities in Vocabulary
During the Norman occupation, about 10,000 French words were adopted into English, some three-fourths of which are still in use today. This French
vocabulary is found in every domain, from government and law to art and literature. More than a third of all English words are derived directly or indirectly
from French, and its estimated that English speakers who have never studied French already know 15,000 French words.
There are many similarities between English and French in the substance of vocabularies. By using the analysis method like found in the list of
vocabularies below it can be proved evidence that the two of these languages have a close relationship in vocabularies not only in letter but also in meaning.
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Table 1: The Examples of Similarities in Vocabulary Between English and French
English French
Gloss
Letter Table
Example Rapid
Accept Magnificent
Satisfy Talent
Toilet Restaurant
Arrive Descend
Type Introduce
Pay Competent
Person Dictionary
Polite Opinion
Lettre Table
Exemple Rapide
Accepter Magnifique
Satisfaire Talent
Toilette Restaurant
Arriver Decendre
Type Introduire
Payer Competent
Personne Dictionnaire
Poli Opinion
Surat Meja
Contoh Cepat
Menerima Bagus Sekali
Memuaskan Bakat
Kamar Kecil Restoran
Tiba Turun
Tipe Memperkenalkan
Membayar Mampu
Seseorang Kamus
Sopan Pendapat
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vocabularies which are adopted ether direct or indirect into English. And the vocabularies will be changed from time to time.
3.2 Similarities in Phonology
Phonology is a science of sound which study about language sounds that are produced by the human articulation tools. Language sound which is produced
by articulation tools is called FON phone. The sound which is learned in the phonology is called as a phoneme. The phoneme does not have meaning but its
contribution in the language is very essential because it can compare the meaning. So phoneme is a unity little sound from a language which can show the contras of
meaning. If the contrasts of meaning are not happened, so a language sound can not be mentioned as a phoneme which is different.
The contrast of meaning is a require for a validity of FON or language sound is called phoneme. Meanwhile phonemic is a field of language science
which is particularly studied only statement sound that has function. This language sound which has function is called phoneme. From this word appears the
term of phonemic. The similarities from the substance of phonology between English and
French can be evidenced by analyzing those similarities in the substance phonetic. Phonetic is a science that learns all of sound pronouncement with term or symbol
of phonetic. In English and French language, the alphabet of phonetic can be divided into two groups, they are:
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Vocal and Diphthongs 2.
Consonants The similarities in phonetic between English and French languages, it can
be seen in the tables below.
Table 2: Vocal English
Symbol Description of Sound
English Symbol Description
of Sound Indonesian
Indonesian Example Spelling
a Father e Safe
o Coat Cow
u Food ai Bike
au House a Table
e Le eu Seul
e Père o Bateau
Mort u Sous
i Lit y Eu
a Apa e Lemah
Pekat Ember
o Foto Kopi
u Susu ahi Jahit
ahu Tahu
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Table 3: Dipthongs English
Symbol Description of Sound
English Symbol Description
of Sound Indonesian
Indonesian Example Spelling
ey Pay ow Now
oy Boy ε Vin
œ Brun ã Chambre
Son
Table 4: Consonants English
Symbol Description of Sound
English Symbol Description
of Sound Indonesian
Indonesian Example Spelling
b Rub p Lip
d Red t Let
g Dog k Like
j Jhon c Chruch
v Victim f Fan
z Zeal b Bateau
p Papa d Donc
t Table g Garçon
k Comme j Nier
v Vendre f Fort
z Zéro b Batu
p Pak d Duduk
t Toko g Gigi
k Kucing j Jalan
c Cacing v Veto
f Fisika z Zat
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sy Shoot m Main
n Noon l Love
r Very w Wane
y You h Hope
s Somme Chapeau
m Femme n Non
l La r Mari
w Louis
j’ai Peigne
Camping s Sumur
sy Syukur m Minta
n Nama l Lima
r Roda w Wasit
y Yang h Hari
From the tables above it can be seen that there is relationship between English and French languages, but only some are differences.
3.3 Similarities in morphology
