A Brief Description Of Speaking As A Language Skill

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A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF SPEAKING AS A LANGUAGE

SKILL

A PAPER

BY

VIOLA SISKA GINTING

Reg. No. : 062202027

DIPLOMA III ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM

FACULTY OF LETTERS

UNIVERSITY OF NORTH SUMATRA

MEDAN

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Approved by Supervisor

NIP: 131570483

Drs. Yulianus Harefa. M.Ed. TESOL

Submitted to Faculty of Letters University of North Sumatra

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for DIPLOMA (D-III) in English.

Approved by

Head of Diploma III English Study Program,

NIP: 130702287

Dra. Syahyar Hanum, DPFE

Approved by the Diploma III of English Study Program Faculty of Letters, University of North Sumatra

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Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the D-III Examination of the Diploma III English Study Program, Faculty of Letters, North Sumatra University.

The examination is held on the 20 May 2009

Faculty of Letters, University of North Sumatra Dean,

NIP : 132098531

Drs. Syaifuddin, M.A. Ph. D

Board of Examiners and Reader:

Supervisor : Drs. Yulianus Harefa, Med. TESOL Reader : Drs. Siamir Marulafau, M. Hum

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AUTHOR’S DECLARATION

I, VIOLA SISKA GINTING, declares that I am the sole author of this paper. Except where reference is made in the text of this paper, this paper contains no material published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part from a paper by which I have qualified for or awarded another degree.

No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgment in the main text of the paper. This paper has not been submitted for the award of another degree in any tertiary education.

Signed :

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COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

Name : Viola Siska Ginting

Title of paper : A Brief Description of Speaking as a Language Skills Qualification : D-III/ Ahli madya

Study Program : English

I am willing that my paper should be available for reproduction at the discretion of the Librarian of the Diploma III English Study Program Faculty of Letters USU on the understanding that users are made aware of their obligation under law of the Republic of Indonesia.

Signed :

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ABSTRAK

Penyusunan kertas karya ini adalah sebagai salah satu syarat untuk menyelesaikan kuliah di Departemen Diploma Tiga Bahasa Inggris, Fakulatas Sastra, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Penulis memilih judul “A Brief Description of Speaking as a Language Skills” karena penulis menyadari bahwa masalah tentang speaking perlu dibahas.

Dalam berkomunikasi, baik lisan maupun tulisan diperlukan suatu wadah dalam penyampaian ide dan pikiran. Berbicara adalah salah satu alat yang digunakan untuk berkomunikasi secara lisan. Kertas karya ini mendeskripsikan secara singkat mengenai kegiatan berbicara sebagai suatu keterampilan berbahasa yang memerlukan proses dan langkah-langkah pencapainnya.

Mengingat minat dan kemampuan pelajar dewasa ini masih jauh dari yang diharapkan, maka penulis merasa tertarik untuk mengemukakan kembali dalam suatu tulisan langkah-langkah, cara, karakteristik, dan keterampilan dasar yang harus dikuasai dalamm kegiatan berbicara serta fungsi dan manfaat yang diperoleh dari kegiatan berbicara itu.

Oleh karena itu, dengan pemaparan ini penulis berharap dapat menambah wawasan dan pengetahuan pembaca agar lebih menguasai, memahami dan juga dapat menggunakannya dalam percakapan bahasa Inggris.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Firstly, I would like to express my gratitue to Allah SWT, the Almighty, merciful and the most gracious who has blessed me with health and given capability in finishing this paper. Then, I never forgot to say shalawat to our big prophet Muhammad SAW who has brought us to the life full of knowledge and science like we have now.

Secondly, I would like to express my appreciation to those who have given me advice, motivation, and help in accomplishing my paper.

1. Drs. Syaifuddin, M.A, Ph. D. As the Dean of Faculty of Letters, University of North Sumatra.

2. Drs. Syahyar Hanum, DPFE as the Head of Diploma III English Study Program who has agreed the tittle and proposal of my paper and for her advice and help.

3. Drs. Yulianus Harefa, MEd. TESOL as my Supervisor who has spent his time in correcting this paper and giving advice and guidance to finish my paper.

4. Drs. Siamir Marulafau, M.Hum as my reader who has helped and supported me in accomplishing my paper.

5. All lecturers in Diploma III English Study Program who have taught and given me a lot of knowledge.

6. My beloved parents, Kh. Ginting and M. Damanik who have supported me in materially and also for the opportunity to give me education,

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motivation and always pray for me so that I am always healthy and can accomplish my paper.

7. My dearest young sister Cindy Liasna who has given me much spirit and support to complete this papper.

8. My best friends Dewi, Ermayulis, Yennika and Nadya who helped and given me some motivations and spirit.

9. All of my friends in Diploma III English Study Program.

Finally, I realize that this paper is far from being perfect and without any help, support, and spirit from my beloved parties, this paper could not be completed.

Medan, 20 May 2009 The Writer,

Reg. No. : 062202027 Viola Siska Ginting

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AUTHOR’S DECLARATION ... iii

COPYRIGHT DECLARATION ... iv

ABSTRACT ... v

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ... vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS ... viii

1. INTRODUCTION ... 1

1.1Background of The Study ... 1

1.2Scope of The Study ... 2

1.3Objective of The Study ... 2

1.4Significance of The Study ... 2

1.5Method of The Study ... 3

2. AN OVERVIEW OF THE LANGUAGE SKILLS ... 4

1.6Definition of Language Skills ... 4

1.7Definition of Speaking ... 6

1.8Definition of Skill ... 9

3. SPEAKING AS A LANGUAGE SKILL ... 10

3.1Speaking as a Language Skill ... 10

3.2 The Way to Increase Speaking Skill Ability ... 11

4. KINDS OF SPEAKING ... 16

4.1 Discussion ... 17

4.2 Dialogue ... 18

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5. SPEAKING PROCESS ... 20

5.1 Source ... 21

5.2 Encoding the Message ... 21

5.3 Transmitting the Message ... 21

5.4 The Receiver ... 21

5.5 Decoding the Message ... 22

5.6 Feedback ... 22

6. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ... 23

6.1 Conclusions ... 23

6.2 Suggestions ... 24

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ABSTRAK

Oleh karena itu, dengan pemaparan ini penulis berharap dapat menambah wawasan dan pengetahuan pembaca agar lebih menguasai, memahami dan juga dapat menggunakannya dalam percakapan bahasa Inggris.

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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of The Study

Language is a tool of communication. It plays an important role in human life. Peoples can not be separated from language because it is one of their needs for communication. As human being, one interacts with another through communication.

The understanding of language is not limited in our own language. We need to understand other languages. Especially, the International language which will enable us to communicate to another people with different languages, or for International communication. There are so many languages that we can learn as our second or foreign languages.

English is an International language. There are four skills that have to be mastered in learning English, they are: listening skills, reading skills, writing skills, and speaking skills. These are four skills have the close relation that finally makes people able to speak.

Speaking is a course. According to Harefa (2006), the main purpose of the course is to teach communicative competence, that is, the ability to communicative in English according to the situation, purpose and roles of the participants. Speaking is a language skill that used to communicate directly, face to face with other people. Speaking is very important in language skill.

Realizing that facts, I am interested in explaining anymore that speaking activity is a skill in language to do the effective communication and also has many

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advantages which is very important to be known. The most important is to increase the knowledge.

1.2 Scope of the Study

In this paper, I will discuss about the language skills, but I limit the discussion only on the way to be a professional speaker of English. It is considered to identify the basic skill in speaking activity and explain the stages in speaking in the target language (English) correctly.

1.3 Objective of the Study

Dealing with the background of study, the objective of this writing is I want to inform the readers that speaking in English is not difficult and it is really interesting.

1.4 Significance of the Study

• To provide material to help the readers developing their conversation ability.

• To motivate other researchers who want to do the research with the same topic.

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1.5Method of the Study

In this paper, I use library research that is done by reading some books related to the topic of this paper. Some related topics are read and collected in order to find some important information which can be helpful to complete this paper.

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2. AN OVERVIEW OF LANGUAGE SKILLS

2.1 Definition of Language Skills

Language skill is an ability to use language well in order to do the process of communication whether spoken or written by practicing and doing many practices.

There are four language skills that have to be mastered in learning a language, they are listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills.

1. Listening Skills

Listening skill is a receptive skill in the oral mode which uses the sense of hearing. Listening is an activity of thinking. It is not only using the sense of hearing, but also the combination of sense of hearing and thinking process.

2. Speaking Skills

Speaking skill is a productive skill in the oral mode. 3. Reading Skills

Reading skills is an active process of receptive skill in the written mode intends to absorb and store information in order to increase knowledge. 4. Writing Skills

Writing skill is a productive skill in the written mode.

The relationships among these four skills above can be shown in the following chart:

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Oral Written

Receptive Listening Reading

Productive Speaking Writing

(Tarigan, 1980: 1, 1981: 2).

Each of these four skills has the close relation, it can not be separated each other to do the communication well by language. The relationships among these skills ca be explained as a series of thinking process. Firstly, we listen by using the sense of hearing and thinking. Then, we speak to say what we have listened. We need to absorb and store information; therefore the next step is to read something to increase the knowledge the knowledge such as, newspaper, books, journal, statement, report, etc.

These skills are used in communication. Listening and speaking are used in oral communication means, while reading and writing are used I written communication.

In acquiring the language skills, we usually pass an organized relation that starts from learning a language when we were children, then speak. After that learning to read and write. Each skill certainly has close relation with processes that provided language. Language reflects minds. Tarigan (1980:1, 1981:2) states “The more skilled somebody used the language, the more bright and clear his or her way of mind. Skills only can be gotten and mastered through practice and do a lot of exercise. Exercise the language skills means to exercise thinking skills”.

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2.2 Definition of Speaking

Barnhard (1980: 46) explains that “speaking is a fine art “. It is the art of thoughts. Speaking therefore, is an art that affords the greatest pleasure. It does not cost money, it is all profit and it completes our education.

Johnson (1982: 6) says that “speaking and talking are different in meanings”. These two words are often interred changeably used in our language. Speaking as Johnson says is what we call communication that comes from our deepest most authentic, passionate, and centered place. Speaking is defined as being conscious of what we are saying. It also means saying exactly what we say. Speaking means to reside in one’s word to speak from the heart.

Speaking is the most easily acceptable and the most teachable of all the arts. What we need is to do in order to become a good speaker to find a subject that interests us. Brumfit (1981: 151) then explains that “speaking as the thing is going two or more people talk to each other, or an equal about people they know things have been experience or doing, their plans for the future and so on”. A good speaking should be planned spontaneously: the reader should not feel that is premeditated. So in this case, we need a good preparation. Speaking has both formal and functional characteristic. Ellis (1985: 80) mentions that “long labels these input and interactional features respectively”. The input features are two types:

a. Those involve simplification within the grammatical rules structures of the language.

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Interactional features consist of the specific discourse functions performed native speakers. These do not differ in kind from those observed in speaking involving just native speakers, but there are differences in the frequency with specific functions are used. With references between input and interaction features and between grammatical and ungrammatical simplifications, three types of speaking can be identified:

1) Speaking consisting only of interactional adjustments ( i.e. there are no formal simplifications );

2) Speaking consisting of interactional and grammatical input adjustments (i.e. there are no ungrammatical simplification );

3) Speaking consisting of interactional adjustments as well as both grammatical and ungrammatical input adjustment.

Which type of speaking occurs is the result of various factors concerned with the proficiency of the learner and the role relationship between the participants. Sharpe (2000:48) states that “speaking is the process of an interaction between participants in order to obtain some information or news”. She also mentioned that there are some kinds of speaking, and short speaking, including the details, idiomatic expressions, assumptions, prediction, topic, and implication. She explained more details as follows:

(1) Details are specific facts stated in a speaking. In some short speaking, we will hear all of information that we need to answer the problem correctly. We will not need to draw conclusions. When we hear a speaking between two

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(2) Idiomatic Expressions are often heard in a speaking. When we hear a speaking between two speakers, we must listen for the idiomatic expressions. We will be expected to recognize them and restate the idiom or identity or attitudes of the speakers,

(3) Suggestion is a recommendation. In some short speaking, we will hear words and phrase that make a suggestion, such as you should, why don’t you or why not. When we hear the words and phrases that introduce a suggestion, we must be able to recognize and remember what that speaker suggested, and who made the suggestions.

(4) Assumption is a statement accepted as true without proof or demonstration. In some short speaking, an assumption is proven false, and the speaker or speakers who had made the assumption express surprise. When we hear a speaking between two speakers, we must be able to recognize remarks that register surprise, and draw conclusions about the assumption that the speakers may have made.

(5) A prediction is a guess about the future based on evidence from the present. In some short speaking, we will be asked to make prediction about the future activities of the speakers involved,

(6) Implications means that we will hear words and phrases or introductions that will suggest how the speaker felt, what kind of work or activity they were involved in, or where the speaking may have taken place,

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(7) A topic is a main theme in a speaking or in a piece of writing. When we hear a speaking, we must be able to identify the main topic from among several secondary themes that support the topic,

(8) Academic speaking are speaking between students and professors or other academic personnel in the college or university,

(9) Class discussion is speaking that occur in classroom.

2.3 Definition of Skill

Skills are the things which are done well, such as sewing, fixing things, typing, helping other solve problems, and speaking in front of large group of people.

Skill is an ability to do something well. Skill is not an instant way. Mastering skills need process include practice, exercise, time, and opportunity.

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3. SPEAKING AS A LANGUAGE SKILLS

3.1 Speaking as a Language Skill

Speaking is language skills which use to communicate indirectly, by face to face with others. Pinker’s the Language Instinct (1994: 15 in Brown, 2000: 5) a sophisticated statement such as:

Language is a complex, specialized skill, which develops in the child spontaneously, without conscious effort or formal instruction, is deployed with out awareness of its underlying logic, is qualitatively the same in every individual and its distinct from more general abilities to process information or behave intelligently.

Using language effectively is a key to successful communication. Like your delivery style, your language should be natural and concise. Language is the primary vehicle to achieve that goal. Frederick Beuchner in Byrns (1997: 220) describes the importance of language this way:

Words have color, depth, texture of their own, and power to evoke vastly more than they mean; words can be used to make things clear, make things vivid, make things interesting, and make things happen inside the one who reads them or hears them.

Byrns (1997: 220) states that “Your language is your signature and reveals much about your character, values, attitudes, knowledge, and motivation. Language is the primary channel for communicating ideas. Your language tells who you are”. A person who uses language poorly may be revealing a lack of

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education. Use language that is natural to you. Using language effectively means using words that convey your meaning.

3.2 The Way to Increase Speaking Skill Ability

The beginning speaker is concerned with what she or he is going to say. There are many questions to ask yourself: What is my passion? How do we learn to do this? How do we take baby steps to truly train our ears to hear, to really hear?

Good in speaking is not born with the ability to speak effectively; develop the ability to speak well as the result of commitment and hard work. The key to success in speaking is practice. The more you prepare, the more proficient, relaxed and confident you will become.

One of the best ways to show that you understand something is to be able to explain it in your own words. When you translate the ideas of another into your

ATTITUDES EDUCATION

MOTIVATION BACKGROUND

WORDS

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about how word is spelled, write it phonetically. You can check the spelling later when you expand your notes. Koch (2004: 166) explains that “unless the listener understands the message, communication does not take place. If you want to be understood, articulate your words carefully and pronounce them correctly. Speak with adequate volume and emphasize important points so that the other members of the group know exactly where you stand”.

People tend to adequate the ability to speak well with the ability to think well. Remember, every time you speak you are communicating something about who you are to others. If you want to learn how to become a speaker, you would do well to learn from the best. After you learn from the best, do not stop educating yourself. The best speaker is who continue to improve their craft. You have to do the same thing.

To speak well is to communicate well. Speaking comes naturally to human beings. Most children when they reach the age where they can talk, will start to progress from their babbling to childish bantering to speaking and then to talking, talking and talking (non-stop!).

The time to stop talking is when the other person nods his head affirmatively bur say nothing (anonymous). Many of people have some difficulty knowing what to say when we meet new people or talk with people we do not know well. Fortunately, there are specific strategies that we can use when we want to start, continue, or end. Fragiadakis (2000: 43-53) describes the specific strategies:

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You will insight into how you communicate in a group and, as a result, make more conscious efforts to improve your interactive communication skills. Analyze whether in a discussion you:

 Made an effort to check that others understood what you said

 Gave explanations, definitions, and examples when necessary

 Asked for clarification when you did not understand

 Paraphrased what others said to find out if you understood correctly encouraged others to speak



Analyze your strengths and weaknesses as a language learner to help you focus on how to improve your language learning. It is not enough to realize that you got an answer right or wrong. Try to understand why you were able to do well or why you did not succeed



Develop an organized, systematic approach to learning vocabulary. Glossaries and vocabulary lists by themselves are not adequate study aids for acquiring new vocabulary. One method is to create vocabulary study cards that allow you to categorize, label, personalize, and apply new words.

Whether speaking in formal or formal situations, we often make a point or explain something by telling a story about something that happened to us or to someone we know, or by using an example from something we have read.



Use your background knowledge to guess the meanings as unfamiliar phrases. Think about the meanings of the individual words in a phrase, and

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

Ask native English speakers to explain idioms and other expressions that you do not understand. This will not help you learn the expressions, but it will also give you more opportunities to speak English with native speaking. If you do not understand an explanation, ask for a sample sentence with the expression. You might also ask about what age group commonly uses the expression and how to pronounce certain words.



Choose a user-friendly English – English dictionary, and then be an active user of it. Some dictionaries are easier to use than others, so find one that works to you. If you have an English – English dictionary that you find easy to easy, you will be more likely to consult it often.



Record yourself speaking as a way to get self – feedback on content and delivery of your presentations. This will help you focus on areas you need to improve.



Keep track of when, where, and how much you use English by using an English Use Record. This will help you find ways to maximize your opportunities to use the language skills that you want to improve most.



Become a more active and supportive member of your discussion group. Try to find a balance in the way you participate in a discussion rather than being to quite too dominant.



Imitate clear native – speaker models to practice and improve your pronunciation. You might want to choose one character from a television program that you would like to imitate.

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

Develop the ability to monitor your pronunciation as you speak. This will help you to speak English more clearly. To do this you will need to speak slowly and carefully, and self – correct when possible. The more you do this, the more you will “self – monitor” eventually improve your pronunciation.

Speaking is not talking down to people. Speaking is not a one-way street. To be able to touch another person’s heart, mind and soul, we need to pause after we speak to allow the other person to speak. But speaking is only one part of the human equation. The other part is listening. To speak well and connect to the other party is also to listen well. Be attractive and accessible to all. Speaking is not lecturing.

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4. KINDS OF SPEAKING

Speaking is the most easily acceptable and the most teachable of the arts. What we need to do in order to become a good speaker is to find a subject that interests us. De Broer (1982:151) states that “speaking as the thing is going when two or more people talk to each other, on an equal, about people they know things have been experience or doing, their plans for the future and so on”. A good speaking should be planned spontaneously; the reader should not feel that is premeditated. So in this case, we need a good preparation. Speaking has both formal and functional characteristics.

Richards (1985:84) explains that “there are three kinds of speaking that usually performed”, they are:

1) Discussion 2) Dialogue, and 3) Interview

He also stated that no skill is difficult to asses with precision as speaking or speaking ability, and for this reason it seemed wise enough to defer our consideration of oral production test until last. Moreover, some of the problems involved in the evaluation of speaking skill occur testing. Like writing, speaking is a complex skill requiring the simultaneous use of a number of different abilities that often develop at different rates. Richards (1985:81) explains that “either four or five components are generally recognized analysis of the speaking process”, namely:

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1. Pronunciation ( including the segmental features vowels and consonants the stress and intonation patterns )

2. Grammar 3. Vocabulary,

4. Fluency (the case and speed of the flow speaking) 5. Comprehension

4.1 Discussion

All discussions involve talk in good quality. Discussion has several distinctive features. If a discussion is regarded as a useful learning experience, it should be involved a minimum of argument, persuasion, and propaganda. It should be purposeful, systematic exchange of ideas, facts, and opinions. The participant should concentrate on helping each other to reach a better understanding of the issue involved, rather than trying to convince each other that personal view is somehow the correct view. Koch (2004: 1159) says that “no matter which form of discussion you are involved in, be yourself”. Speak in a conversational manner with which you feel comfortable. If you try to change your way of speaking, you are liable to sound stilted and unnatural.

Brown (1983:130) says that “discussion should involve in objective, informed and reflective thinking”. Objective thinkers realize that the subject being discussed has many aspect and they are, therefore ore oared to present ideas and to listen to the ideas of orders. Objective thinkers examine the substance and logic of

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reasoning. The situation of speaking of this kind is a formal one. The participant can not use their own style or nasty words during the process of speaking, because they will not reach the aim of the speaking.

4.2 Dialogue

Richards (1985:110) explains that” in dialogue there could be one person to a person individually or one person to more than one person”. It is impossible to have a dialogue among many people involved, because no body would listen at the same time the others are speaking. A dialogue is almost the same as discussion. If there is to be a useful learning experience, it should involve a minimum of argument, persuasion, and propaganda. In a dialogue, the situation ca happen either in informal or formal ones. The style that they use can be varied. But the most important thing in the dialogue is a good interactive communication among the participants that the aim of the dialogue could be reached.

Brown (1983:130) explains that “dialogue could be an exchange of ideas, experiences, facts and etc, but dialogue can have varieties and unlimited topics that the participant chooses in their speaking content”. In the dialogue s, the topics that they present are varied; it can be up to date, the past or even the future event that they consider as an important topic to be talked about.

Koch (2004: 162) states “A dialogue is an interchange and discussion of ideas between two people. It is highly successful when both participants know their subjects well. The dialogue can be a useful classroom exercise. It is an excellent means of communicating information. For best results, the dialogue

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should be carefully planned so that both participants know where the discussion is heading.

4.3 Interview

Compared to the kind of speaking above, interview is slightly different. Brown (1983:136) states that “interview needs a person as the object to be asked for by can a person or more than one person as the subject of the interview”. The term of interviewer is used here as the person who asked different questions to the object of the interview, meanwhile the person who is called interviewee as the object to be asked for.

According to Koch (2004: 162) “A carefully planned interview can be an excellent way to communicate information. In the discussion interview, the participants should plan the questions in advance so both will know where the discussion is going. A good interviewer can elicit a wealth of information from a well-informed interviewee”.

In the interview, there is only one topic related to the question to be asked for the object or interviewer. This usually happens in a certain purpose, for examples: vacancy for a job. In here the interviewer has the rights to ask different questions without any denial from the object or interviewer. The object has to answer all the questions that the interviewer asked for. The very formal situation sometimes is not good for interviewer, because he has no rights to defend or back to ask for anything to the interviewer. This kind of speaking is not a good kind of speaking

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5.

SPEAKING PROCESS

Processes are an important type of subject. Much of our knowledge is a matter of learning a process that according to Byrns (1997: 267).

Lesikar (1978:336) states that “a simple model of speaking process”, as follows:

Sender news Receiver

This model shows three elements of essential speaking. If one of the elements is missing, the speaking can not run well. For example, someone can send a message, but whenever there is no one who receiver or hears the message, the speaking can not run. The sender plays an important role to send his/her news to the receiver. But the sender should be able to send the news successfully in order the receiver may get the news or information correctly.

Although the model is simple, the speaking process is complex. The example of the complexity is “telephone”, in which the sender sends a message, but possibly the receiver receives or hears the message which is not meant by the sender.

Lesikar (1978:336) also suggest that there are some important elements too in order to obtain a good speaking. He suggested that the elements could be source, encoding the message, transmitting the message, the receiver, the decoding the message and feedback. If one of these elements is missing a good speaking can not be obtained successfully. For more details of this explanation can be explained as follows:

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5.1 Source

The source or the sender plats a first steps role in speaking process. The source depends on kind of the message, the composition, which is used, and the channel through what news is sent.

5.2Encoding the message

It changes the news in the form of verbal or nonverbal symbols that can transfer the comprehension like words of either written or spoken, numbers, gestures, or activities.

5.3Transmitting the message

This is speaking choice towards the media or the distribution channel. Spoken speaking may be sent trough telephone, dicta phone, people or video tape etc. This can be done personally or group. The advantages of this spoken speaking are that the chance to interact the source and the receiver that may bring to the nonverbal speaking ( gestures, sound intonation, and others ) Meanwhile written speaking can be sent through memos, letters, reports, notes, bulletin etc.

5.4The receiver

Basically, the receiver receives the message by using his or her five senses, they are seeing, hearing, tasting, touching and smelling. The transmitting of the message will not be complete if one of both sides does not receive the

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5.5 Decoding the message

This covers the interpretation of symbols by the receiver. The background, culture, education, environment, and the disturbance around them influence this process.

5.6 Feedback

After the message is received and interpreted, the receiver may send the news back towards the sender. So, speaking is continually process which never ends.

From the explanation above, the researcher may conclude that speaking process is essential to smoothen the speaking among the students in which there are some elements that should be noticed for the students in order the speaking will run well, namely: the source, encoding the message, transmitting the message, the receiver, decoding the message and feedback. These elements are the process of a good speaking so that the students may have no difficulties in communicating.

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6. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

6.1 Conclusions

Language is the main things for us to have a communication in each other. When we have a conversation with each other its prove that we able to understand what is our friend to say and its prove, that we knows a language. Language is human and non-instinctive method of communicating ideas, feelings, and desires by means of system of sound and sound symbol. Language is very important in human live it is the one of instruments to express our emotions, ideas, feeeling desire and also as amedia to sharing the information in to our friends. In knowing a language we can create new sentences and understanding new sentences created by any one. Language can be broken for who used it, in a smaller element like teenager, and youth, and in bigger element is all people who’s used it.

Language is one way to convey ideas from one people to others. By language, someone can express his ideas, opinions and other expressions. Human can not build an interaction with each other without using language.

In the process of speaking, speaking of course, takes place between the speaker and listener. However, speaking does not take place if what is said by the speaker can not be comprehended by the listener. So, in building up a good speaking with other people of the same or different tribes or nation people should use language which can be comprehended by both persons involved in the speaking.

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Language plays an important role in our life. It has a good relationship with various aspect of human life. The development of human is influenced by language, feeling, and their experience with other through language or one language of language function.

6.2 Suggestions

By writing this paper, I hope the Readers will know and get the understanding about speaking as a language skill.

I hope this paper will be beneficial for all of the people who feel that speaking activity is not an important thing to be done and it can be a motivation for those who are interesting in learning English.

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