Theoretical Framework LITERARY REVIEW

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1. Questionnaire

Questionnaire is a research instrument in which the respondents or theparticipants provide the answer whether in the form of written responses or mark items that indicates their responses. The questionnaire which was used in this research consists of two parts. The first part was open-ended question and the second part is close-ended questions. According to Foddyas cited in Reja at al, 2003, the open-ended questions allow theparticipants to express their opinions without being influenced, while in theclose-ended questions, the participants only chose the answer based on the options given. For the implementation of this research, the researcher used questionnaire as the main instrument to collect the data. The questionnaire consisted of 30 close ended questions which were divided into three categories. The first category consisted of thirteen statements about the implementation of role play in Speaking II class. In this category, the students were asked about the whole activity of role play done in the class. The second category consisted of ten statements about the advantages of role play in Speaking II class. In this category, the students were asked about what they have learned from therole play activity in Speaking II class. The third category consisted of seven statements about the students’ perception on the use of role play technique in Speaking II class. In this part the students were asked about their general opinionon the use of role play in Speaking II class. 18 . Table 3.1. Categories of Statements No. Categories of Statement Number of Statement 1. The Implementation of Role play 2 – 14 2. The Advantages of Role play 15 – 24 3. Students’ perceptions on the Use of Role Play 1, 26 – 30 To evaluate the questionnaire, the researcher used Likert scale. Likert scale is a summated ratings method which assessed the attitudes towards the topic by presenting a set of statement about the topic and asking the respondents to indicate for each whether they are strongly agree, agree, undecided, disagree, and strongly disagreeAry, Jacobs, Sorensen, and Razavieh, 2010. In this research, the researcher used numerical symbol to represent the indicator of the responds. Table 3.2. Example of Questionnaires No Statement SA A D SD … 4 I am cooperative in preparing the role play. 5 I pay attention to the lecturer’s explanation and instruction before performing the role play. SA : strongly agree A : agree D : disagree SD : strongly disagree

2. Observation

The second technique used in this research was observation. In this research, the researcher used a checklist to collect the data needed. According to Ary at al. 2010, checklist is the simplest devise that can be use in qualitative research; it is made in a list of some points that is observed. In the observation, the researcher focused on 8 points in order to get some supporting data. The example of the observation sheet can be seen in the Table 3.3: 19 Table 3.3. Observation Guidelines

3. Interview

The third instrument used in this research was interview. Generally, interview is described as a process of oral questioning of a subject Ary at al, 2010. According to Bogdan and Biklenas cited in Hoepfl, 1997, interview can be used as the primary strategy for the data collection or in conjunction with observation, document analysis, or other technique. The researcher used the interview to strengthen the data from the questionnaire and the observation, to gain additional information or data, and toclarify the results of the questionnaire and the observation. In this interview, the researcher took ten students of the participants as the sample of interview. These ten students consisted of five students who had positive perception and five students who had negative perception on the use of role play in Speaking II class. This interview used purposive sampling in deciding the sample who were interviewed. No. Statement Yes No Notes 1. There are 2-3 members in a group of role play.  2. The topic of role play is based on a daily life situation.  3. The role play is done by memorizing the dialogue.