Title Stage Exposition—clauses 1-6

124 Table 39: Surface and notional structure segments of the Cow story Surface Structure Notional Structure Clause Macrostructure Rank of participants Title Top of page Story about the Birth of a Calf Stage Exposition 1-6 Two men from the same village, one with a cow and another with a bull, graze their cattle together. 1. Cow owner 2. Bull owner Pre-peak 1 Inciting Moment 7-9 The cow gives birth to a calf, and the two men continue to graze cattle together. 1. Cow owner 2. Bull owner Pre-peak 2 Developing Conflict 1 10-42 The bull owner claims that the calf is his because his bull impregnated the cow. 1. Cow owner 2. Bull owner Pre-peak 3 Developing Conflict 2 43-64 This issue of who is the rightful owner becomes a problem, so they decide that they should both find an elder to help mediate this conflict. 1. Cow owner 2. Bull owner Pre-peak 4 Developing Conflict 3 65-107 The bull owner finds an elder and then the cow owner goes to find one. While he is on his way, he is startled by Uncle Rabbit running along the road. Uncle Rabbit agrees to help him mediate his problem. 1. Cow owner 2. Rabbit 3. Bull owner Peak Climax 108- 152 All the participants converge to discuss the issue of the calf. Rabbit relates a story about his uncle giving birth. The bull owner denies that such a thing could ever happen. Rabbit then points out that if he claims that a bull can give birth to a calf, then his uncle can have a child. Rabbit states that the calf must belong to the cow owner. 1. Bull owner 2. Rabbit 3. Cow owner 4. Elders Closure Conclusion 153- 156 The bull owner hears Rabbit’s arguments and excuses himself from the gathering under the pretext that he needs to use the bathroom. 1. Bull owner 2. People

8.1.1 Title

The title is given on the title page, Story about the Birth of a Calf. 125

8.1.2 Stage Exposition—clauses 1-6

The story is introduced with a formulaic time phrase that begins many Bunong folk tales, ‘beginning long ago’. This sets the story in the distant past and the listener assumes the narrator is not relating events that take place in the present. This first episode introduces the two main participants, the cow and the bull owners, postverbally with an existential clause cf. §8.3.1. In the introductory paragraph, the majority of the information is new. The sentence structure reflects this by having little additional information in the subject slot. The first mention of the two main participants is given in 138. 138 VVVV0000 + + + + + beginning long.ago EXIST people two CLF live village together ‘Beginning long ago, there were two people that lived in a village together.’ [Cow 1] In the third and fourth clauses of the story 139, the cow and bull owners are referenced using two referential, indefinite subjects. 139 + + + + + + + + one CLF have cow male one CLF more have cow female ‘One person had a bull, the other person had a cow.’ [Cow 3-4]

8.1.3 Pre-peak 1 Inciting moment—clauses 7-9