108
7.1.5 Non-subject fills same non-subject role N1
The N1 category considers non-subject participants that occur in the same non- subject role in the preceding independent clause. For both the Cow and the Fish story, the
default coding is clearly zero, making up 82 911 and 71 2434 of the occurrences for each story respectively. The Life story has only two examples, one with a zero and
another with a noun phrase referring expression. The instances where a zero is not used and the factors that contribute to the over-coding will be discussed in Chapter 8. The
tables below give the distribution of the referring expressions in the N1 environment for each story separately.
Table 27: Distribution of N1 category in the Cow story
N1 Cow owner
Bull owner Rabbit Elders
Total Ø
2 2
4 1
9
NP 1
1
NP+DEM3 1
1
Total: 2
2 6
1 11
Table 28: Distribution of N1 category in the Fish story
N1 Jii-
Mlii Jii-
Mpoon Smelt-
fish Uncles
Mom of fish
People Total
Ø 6
3 14
1 24
NP 1
1
NP+DEM 1
1 2
NP+POSS+TSM 3
3
KIN+POSS 1
1
KIN+POSS+DEM 1
1
DET+KIN+POSS+DEM 1
1
DEM PRO 1
1
Total: 8
3 18
2 2
1 34
Table 29: Distribution of N1 category for the Life story
N1 Sihanouk
Family Cambodian people
Total Ø
1 1
NP 1
1 2
Total: 1
1 1
3
109
Both of the examples below illustrate the non-subject taking a zero in the following clause.
120 + after that 3S carry fish DEM2
‘After that she carried the fish.’
K K
K K
K drop
at water deep.pool below ‘Jii-Mlii dropped the fish in the deep pool of water down below.’ [Fish 77-8]
121 + after that uncle REL graze cow
male look.for elder
‘After that the uncle who grazed the bull looked for an elder.’ K
+ K
K K
K have
first ‘The bull owner got an elder first.’ [Cow 65-6]
7.1.6 Addressee is subject in preceding clause N2
The N2 environment entails an addressee of a reported speech who is the subject speaker of a speech reported in the previous clause. In every case, the addressee is a
zero in the N2 category. Part of the reason for this is that within a quote formula, the addressee is rarely made explicit. If the participant is already active from the subject of
the previous clause, then there is little need to code the addressee with anything except a zero.
Table 30: Distribution of N2 category in the Cow story
N2 Cow owner
Bull owner Rabbit
Total Ø
4 5
8 17
110
Table 31: Distribution of N2 category in the Fish story
N2 Jii-Mlii
Jii-Mpoon Smelt-fish
Uncles Mom of sisters People Total Ø
6 6
2 1
2 1
18
In example 122, the speaker in the first clause is the bull owner. In the second clause the cow owner addresses the bull owner, who takes a zero reference. In a repartee
conversation, the entire quote formula can also be elided. 122
+ K K uncle 3S.APP reply
not have ‘Uncle, he the bull owner replied to the cow owner, “I do not have...” ’
K K
K K
3S REL graze cow female ask
what child cow ‘The one who grazed the cow asked the bull owner, “Which calf?” ’
[Cow 20, 24, 25]
7.1.7 Non-subject is in a different non-subject role N3
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