having more than one spouse while adherents to other religions feel they must remain monogamous.
Each religion has their own law or regulation toward the followers. Buddhist, Hinduism, Islam, Christian, and the others have their own belief and rule. The Devil
and Miss Prym novel tells about the society religion and belief, in Viscos there is only one religion that describe in the novel, it is Catholic. It shows that morality also
can be judge from the religion side. The content of morality in Christian and catholic is all about what God expects men to do and obeying His commands. The main point
is man know what is the will of God. If human obey God commands means they are good but in other way, if human disobey God commands means they are evil.
The act of calling God to witness an untruth of something is prejury; an act of prejury is morally evil, an offense against the virtue of religion. The use of God’s
name in prayer is good but it is depend on the purpose of the person who pray. Pray must be followed by the right action and purpose of the prayer. Bourke in his book
Ethics 1953 state that Prayer is essentially an act of the intellect, so he who prays must attend to what he is doing. There are three things which should be attended to,
in a good prayer: 1 the correct words; 2 the meaning of the words; and 3 the End of the prayer, that is, God and the thing which is the object of the petition.
2.6 Moral judgment
In his book Living Issues in Philosophy 1959, Titus quotes some opinions from several philosophers; it is called five ethical standards. The first is the moral as
the standard. The moral quality of an act is not determined by the consequences. Kant in Titus, 1959:380 says if a man acts from good motives, the act is good
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regardless the consequences. The second is pleasure as the guide in life, pleasure or happiness is the greatest in life. John Stuart Mill in Titus, 1959:382 says that the
morality of an act depends, not on the motive from which it originates, but on the effects of the action upon society. He tends to say that the good of all men or the
greatest happiness of the greatest number is the standard of what is right in conduct. The third is nature as the guide in life. Herbert Spencer in Titus, 1959:382 says that
the greatest good is a long life and harmonious adaption to the environments. The fourth is the good life involves the harmonious development of the normal function
of the orgasm. Self-realization emphasis is social as well as individual in its outlook. The fifth is the Christian ethnical ideal. Obey the commands of God, Love,
unselfishness or social mindless in human relation is the emphasized this. Morality judgment also can be done by the standard of virtue. In his book The
Elements of Moral Philosophy: fourth edition 2005, Rachels 2005:176 stated that the standard of virtue are benevolence, civility, compassion, conscientiousness,
cooperativeness, courage, courteousness, dependability, fairness, friendliness, generosity, honesty, industriousness, justice, loyalty, moderation, patience, prudence,
reasonableness, self-discipline, self-reliance, tactfulness, thoughtfulness, and tolerance. So can be concluded that, if people do one of the standard virtue, they are
good but in contrast, if they do the opponent of the list of virtue, they are evil. In addition, other philosophers mention wisdom, tolerance, love, mercy, mindfulness,
objectivity, patience, unity, optimism, harmony and kindness as one of the kind of virtue.
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Resnik in his book The Ethics of science: an Introduction 1998 explains so many things about theory of moral. He quotes some of the others philosophers theory
and explain it on his own way. One of the theories is from Fox and DeMarco. Some of these basic moral principles are as follows Fox and
DeMarco 1990: - Non-malificence: Do not harm yourself or other people.
- Beneficence: Help yourself and other people. - Autonomy: Allow rational individuals to make free and
informed choices. - Justice: Treat people fairly: treat equals equally, unequals
unequally. - Utility: Maximize the ratio of benefits to harm for all people.
- Fidelity: Keep your promises and agreements - Honesty: Do not lie, defraud, deceive or mislead.
- Privacy: Respect personal privacy and confidentiality.
The concepts of eight principle above are do not harm, care, fair, benefit, rational, respect, and deception. The view above can really help to analyze the good
and the evil of human behavior. According to the eight principles of moral, human behavior are called good just if they done the eight principle of moral above and if
they do not, mean they are evil. The writer divides these good and bad behavior based on the standard of
virtue, christian ethical ideal, and the basic set of eight moral principles above. Furthermore, Corage and wisdom will be analyzed by using the standard of virtue,
blasphemy and mislead will be analyzed by using christian ethical ideal and also the eight principle of moral that suggested by Resnik, then selfishness and greed will be
analyzed by using the eight principle of moral suggested by Resnik. Courage is defined as the ability to stand up for what is right in difficult
situations. Courage is what it takes to stand up and speak about the truth. Courage is strength of determination that cannot be moved from its course by pain or fear.
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Rachels 2005 stated that courage is sometimes said to be military virtue because it is so obviously needed to accomplish the soldier’s task. Soldiers do battle; battles are
fraught with danger; and so without courage the battle will be lost. Courage is a mean between the extremes of cowardice and foolhardiness. It is cowardly to run
away from all danger; yet it is foolhardy to risk too much. Courage is needed by anyone who faces danger, and at different times this includes all of human being.
Wisdom is the thoughtful interplay of purpose and virtue in human lives. Wise people knows what is right and what is wrong. They have the ability to discern
what is right and wrong, important or lasting. Usually, a wise person will do the right action and will pay attention to all people arround. Laguna 1928:93 sated that
wisdom in the widest sense of the term as it is now used, means knowledge of the relative values of things. Of course, in order to know values one must many other
particular facts and general truths; but this is subsidiary. The main thing is to know how to choose; and if one has an immense amount of other knowledge and is
deficient in this, he is not wise. Selfishness denotes an excessive or exclusive concern with oneself, and as
such it exceeds mere self interest or self concern. It also harms other people’s selves which commonly lead to the action of revenge and other similar immoral actions.
Selfish people are brutish people who are oblivious to the negative consequences of their actions for their friends and loved ones and who abuse the patience, trust, and
goodwill of all comers to satisfy their petty whims. The truly selfish person is a self- respecting, self-supporting human being who neither sacrifices others to himself nor
sacrifices himself to others.
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Blasphemy may denote the derogation of the honor due to a creature as well as of that belonging to God. Blasphemy is set down as a word, for ordinarily it is
expressed in speech, though it may be committed in thought or in act. People do this by actions like tempting God, sacrilege, idolatry, superstition, buying or selling
spiritual things and all sins against the First Commandment. Speaking against God himself, or ridiculing things consecrated to God or held sacred. Blasphemy does not
harm God, but they do harm his name or reputation and show contempt for him. Blasphemy is a sin against the Second Commandment
Greed is strong desire for more food, wealth, power, etc and keep it for oneself. Greed is the desire to acquire things, no matter what they are, especially when the
acquisition or accumulation of these things denies others their legitimate need for, or access to those. Every person is capable of this kind of behavior.
Every individual has the necessaries to go on their life and to get the better life. To fulfill the necessaries, people need material. To get the material everybody must
work hard. Without working hard, they get nothing. The fulfillment of the needs leads human to many ways just to get money which can give all their needs.
Satisfying one’s own needs and desires is part of what life is about.
Human uses so many ways to gain what they want. No matter it is right or wrong ways. Voracity or gluttony is a state of excessive egoism, unjustified acquisitiveness.
Not only does it cause one to acquire more than is ever going to be necessary, it can also lead human to do something immoral. There is no care to other people. People
start to lose their humanity step by step since they focus on what they want. Money, power, and etc become their first priority in live. It is nature of human being to do it
but when people become cruel, selfish, and even hurt or kill other for the sake of
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them it is not good. Once greed takes control of the personality, it does not care who it hurts in the process of getting what it needs.
Mislead is similar with lie and deceive. It is obvious that mislead does not coincide with the Christian ethical ideal and principles suggested by Resnik about
honesty. Honesty mean do not lie, defraud, deceive or mislead. From Christian
ethical ideal side, mislead is bad because one of the Ten Commandments said “You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain,
for the Lord will not hold him guiltless who takes his name in vain.” The meaning of this commandment is
people should fear and love God that we may not curse, swear, use witchcraft, lie, or deceive by His name. people cannot use the name of Lord for an evil purpose;
whoever takes the Lords name on his lips for an evil purpose will be judged a sinner
by the Lord. God asks us to respect His Holy name and not to use it in vain 2.7 Review of related studies
Consulting and using the information from some thesis also needed in finishing this thesis. The first thesis is The Importance of Human Life in Paulo
Coelho “The Devil and Miss Prym” by Padma Sari. In the thesis, the writer discusses about the importance of human life focus on the major character by using moral
approach. In her thesis, Sari also talks about morality but not specific. The point of morality in her thesis is only about about how someone’s life more important than
ten gold bars without mention what kind of goodness and badness has been done by the characters found in the novel.
Sari 2006:vi writes “because good or bad morality is not instantly gotten, it is gotten by process and affected by situation
and people arround. The morality affect people and it can be seen from the behavior. People should choose and decide
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something based on their thought and not always following others. Nothing is eternal in this world, thus people should
experience may things and learn from those experience.”
The statement above is right. Someone conduct can be influenced by people around and the situation, but people knows what is right and what is wrong. They are
free in making and choosing a decision of being good or evil and the experiences of being good or evil will lead them to get better life in future.
As a manual secondary data, there are the differentiation between Sari’s thesis with mine, if Sari only discuss about the badness, this thesis not only discuss
about the badness but also the goodness, not only about someone’s life is more important than ten gold bars but also the other kinds of morality that found in the
novel such as selfishness, mislead, greed, and encourage. The second thesis is Moral Analysis of the Characters in Sandra Brown’s
“Mirror Image”, a thesis written by Riski Ananda. In her thesis, the writer discusses about moral. In this thesis found so many explanations about moral that concern
about the judgment of the goodness and badness of human behavior, pertaining to the discernment of good and evil. Riski in her thesis use moral theory, moral standard, as
well as a basic set of eight moral principles. Riski’s thesis can help the writer in finishing this thesis especially because the eight of moral principle also used in this
thesis. From Riski’s thesis, the writer knows how to apply the eight of moral principle in analyzing human behavior.
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CHAPTER III METHOD OF ANALYSIS
3.1 Research Design
Method that used in this study is descriptive qualitative method and conducted with library research which is done by reading some references related to
the problem of the study. Descriptive research involves describing and interpreting events, conditions, or situations of the present. It can be used to analyze some aspect
of social life such as morality. In doing analysis, first the researcher must have the data. The main data in
this thesis is The Devil and Miss Prym, a novel by Paulo Coelho. This novel was published in 2000 and consists of 205 pages. This novel as the primary source of the
data because it is related to the moral values reflected by some of the characters’ conducts and behaviors, it can be found in words, or sentences, or pharagraphs form
in the novel. Then, the researcher must have supporting data, it’s called secondary data. Secondary data can be taken from thesis, books, articles, or other sources
related to the good and evil. Both intrinsic and extrinsic element is needed in analysing the good and evil
of human behavior. Intrinsic element is the structure of the literary work itself, and in this thesis, intrinsic element that also analyzed is characters. Extrinsic element is the
other knowledge outside the literary works such as psychology, philosophy, biography, society, history, the perception of the writer and thought. This thesis
focuses on the good and evil of human behavior, so in analyzing this thesis, the
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