CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1. Human being and character in fiction
Characters are the imitation of human being in the real life means that the way the novelist creates the characters inspired by human in real life include the
characteristic. Character is an imagined person who exists in a story, the author creates the characters from the aspects of the ordinary people that portray the
personalities of human beings, and then develops these aspects and puts them together in a story as the author likes.
Kennedy 1983: 131 says, “ in novel, a character may be defined as a verbal representation of human being. Through action, speech.
Description, and commentary, authors portray characters who are worth caring about, rooting for, and even loving, although there are
also characters you may laugh at, dislike, or even hate.”
According to Robert 1993:20 characters are the persons presented in dramatics of narrative work, who are interpreted by reader as being endowed with
the moral and dispositional qualities that are expressed in what they say and what they do in action. There are so many ways to learn and understand a character.
Roberts and Jacobs states that there are five ways how the writer present the character and this five ways will help the reader to recognize the character.
2.1.1. Actions.
Whether the characters good or evil it can be seen through their action in the story. As ordinary human beings, fictional characters do not necessarily understand
how they may be changing or why they do the things they do. Nevertheless, their actions express their characters.
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2.1.2. Descriptions, both personal and environmental.
Besides reveal much about a character’s social and economic status, appearance and environment also tells the readers more about the character trait.
2.1.3. Dramatic statements and thoughts.
Character uses speech to hide their motives. The function of speeches to the characters essential to keep the story moving along, then provide the material from
which the reader can draw conclusion.
2.1.4. Statements by other characters.
The characters usually say something about each others. It can be the goodness, badness, selfishness, foolishness about the others. It makes the reader understand the
character
2.1.5. Statements by the author speaking as storyteller or observer.
What the author says about a character is usually accurate because the author is the one who creates the character.
Roberts and Jacobs also explain about two kinds of character based on the degree of character development; they are flat and round character. Roberts and
Jacob 1995:134 state flat character does not grow. They remain same because they may be stupid or insensitive or lacking in knowledge or insight. Flat characters end
where they begin and are static, not dynamic but flat characters are not therefore worthless, for they usually highlight the development of round characters. Roberts
and Jacobs 1995:133 also state Round characters is that they recognize, change with, or adjust to circumstances. From the statement above can be concluded that flat
characters has only one outstanding trait or feature while round characters has so many outstanding traits or features, the author portray the round character in greater
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depth and in more generous detail. Round character usually role as the main figure protagonist in a story and also called hero. Protagonist is central to the action,
moves against an antagonist. They are called dynamic character that sometimes unpredictable
In analyzing the good and evil of human behavior, character also became one of the objects of analysis in this thesis, the view from this book may be really useful
for the writer to recognize and understand more about character.
2.2 Morality
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