Figure 4.15 Anoa Sign Distribution in Distance to Forest Edge Parameter
From the result we can see that most of the location of Anoa sign was found in top of mountain and located far away from human activities.
The distribution of Anoa sign found in each parameter will be shown on the graphic below. This graphic also showing the distribution and number
sign found in each parameter.
4.2. Habitat Suitability Model
Habitat model is not a definitive attempt to predict presence or absence, but it is more an attempt to identify areas where conservation
and forest habitat enhancement could be prioritized. Logistic model is use to identify similarities of ecological parameter between locations that
known as Anoa habitat and derived it into model with assumption. Habitat suitability model was derived from several parameters that known having
relationship with Anoa behavior in occupying certain area. The parameters uses for this study are altitude, slope, distance from forest
edge, distance from settlement, and distance from river.
Figure 4.16 Altitude Distribution
Figure 4.17 Slope Distribution
Figure 4.18 Distances to River Distribution
Figure 4.19 Distances to Settlement Distribution
Figure 4.20 Distances to Forest Edge Distribution
Anoa known as solitaire animal that tends to keep a distance from human activity area like settlement. Distance from forest edge also
considered as parameter in determining habitat suitability model because forest edge area is transition zone between forest area and human activity
area like plantation and agricultural field. River considered as one of the parameters in function as hydrological resources. Slope and altitude are
the factor from special characteristic of Anoa which prefers hilly landscape area in top of mountain.
The logistic regression process resulted habitat suitability model for Anoa in probability equation shown below.
� = 1
1 + �
−−54.426− 0.003∗ALT − 0.042∗SLO +0.001∗DTR +0.002∗DTS +0.006∗DTFE ]
Where:
Y = Probability
DTR = Distance to River
e = Natural Logarithm 2.71828
DTS = Distance to Settlement
ALT = Altitude Parameter
DTFE = Distance to Forest Edge
SLO = Distance to Slope
A logistic regression analysis performed on the 1151 sample squares correctly classified 75.7 of presence squares and 98.2 of
absence with overall classification accuracy 96.0. We using five environmental variables in predicting the model where distance to
settlement, distance to forest edge, and had significant coefficient in increasing the suitability factor for Anoa habitats while slope variables
resulted significance number more than 0.05 which mean those parameter have no significant effect into model
Table 4.2. Logistic Regression Result
Variables B
S.E. Wald
df Sig.
ALT -0.003
.001 4.016
1 .045
SLO -0.042
.014 8.915
1 .003
DTR 0.001
.001 0.228
1 .633
DTS 0.002
.000 23.846
1 .000
DTFE 0.006
.001 49.964
1 .000
Constant -54.426
6.570 68.627
1 .000
From result, Anoa tends to prefer lower altitude with less significance to the model. This is mean that Anoa were found in various
altitude level in sampling area. Other topographical factor, slope, has significance influence to the model shown from significance value less
than 0.005. Anoa prefers to live in flat landscape area according to model shown by negative response in slope parameter. This mean Anoa sign
mostly found in lower level of slope tough there is probability Anoa can climb in steep landscape in browsing activities because from field
observation several Anoa sign were found in steep landscape. Topographical factor which tends to inaccessible is probably the natural
protection against human interference. Distance from the settlement and distance from the forest edge
become the most significance influence in this model. Those two variable resulted significance value 0.000 which mean Anoa prefer to avoid human
activities area as their habitat. Significance influence of distance from settlement and distance from forest edge indicated the Anoa effort to
avoid direct contact from human activities. Anoa was known as solitaire animal that avoid direct contact with human or human activities. From field
observation, it also can be seen that Anoa not only keeps distance with human activity area but also avoid place that already disturbed by human
activities. In this model we also include the distance from forest edge to know how far human activities from forest edge have influence to Anoa
activities. The local people livelihood that still depend on forest resources like collecting Rattan and Gaharu might have some impact to habitat of
Anoa. This model shown that this factor have significant influence to habitat suitability. This condition shown that Anoa not only avoids
settlement as human area but also other location that people use for their activity. The significance of human activity factor that higher than
topographical factor has shown that Anoa have a high consideration to avoid human activities. This is means that human activity factor has more
influence to habitat suitability than topographical factor. In this model, distance to river has no significance influence from
the model indicate from significance value which way above 0.05. Anoa sign which found in sampling area were found variously in distance from
river factor. This result make this model considered river that use in this model is not having significant to the model. Other water resources found
in concave landscape that intercept and retain falling water especially during rainy season can be considered as water resources for Anoa.
Local people activity which is collecting rattan for their livelihood makes them collecting rattan deep in to forest. This activity has indirectly
disturbed the habitat of Anoa. Collecting rattan activities use river as their access to reach deep forest. The topographical condition of Sulawesi that
tends to hilly and steep has made them to use river as access road to bring rattan from inside the forest to their village. This condition also make
Anoa tend to avoid big river in lower altitude.
Figure 4.21 Habitat Suitability Map
4.3. Statistical Test
