4.4. Accuracy Assessment
We use accuracy assessment in order to get information about this model representation in other area. We are selecting 1,149 Ha from 2,300
Ha research areas as accuracy assessment area. Accuracy assessments were conducted by implementing the model into accuracy assessment
area and developing the suitability habitat for Anoa. Sampling area and accuracy assessment area were randomly generated from overall
research area. Accuracy assessment classified 968 grid observations from 1,039
absence grid area, or 93.64 correctly classified, as not suitable habitat for Anoa and classified 103 grids from 110 grids as presence classified or
suitable habitat for Anoa or 93.17 from total presence area in sampling grid. Overall classification accuracy resulted 93.21 from total accuracy
assessment area were correctly classified. Overall accuracy assessment result indicate this model have high accuracy in predicting suitable habitat
of Anoa and considered can represent overall parameter in predicting Anoa habitat suitability.
4.5. Vegetation Analysis
Vegetation analysis was conducted in purpose to get detail information about the vegetation structure where Anoa presence. In
vegetation analysis we use purposive sampling method to distribute nested plots for vegetation analysis. Purposive sampling was used in
selecting the study area since a specific characteristic of the area is required for the study, in this study the specific characteristics is location
where Anoa presence. In vegetation analysis plants are classified into tree woody plants
which has diameter at breast high more than 20 cm, poles woody plants which has diameter at breast high from 10 to 20 cm, sapling woody
plants which has diameter at breast less than 10 cm and height more than 1.5 meter, seedling woody plants with height up to 1.5 meter, and
undergrowth plant like herbs, ferns, liana, and grasses. The plot sizes in vegetation analysis are 20 x 20 m for trees, 10 x 10 m for poles, 5 x 5 m
for sapling and 2 x 2 m for seedling and undergrowth plant. In this survey we conducted vegetation analysis in 24 sampling plot.
Table 4.3 Seedling and Undergrowth Vegetation
No. Local Name
Scientific Name Family
K KR
F FR
INP
1 Karondowana
Alpinia galanga Zingiberaceae
625.00 5.08
0.25 5.26
10.35 2
Karondo Alpinia sp
Zingiberaceae 625.00
5.08 0.25
5.26 10.35
3 Kurio
Ardisia sp Myrsinaceae
104.17 0.85
0.04 0.88
1.72 4
Asplenium sp1 Aspleniaceae
208.33 1.69
0.08 1.75
3.45 5
Asplenium sp2 Aspleniaceae
104.17 0.85
0.04 0.88
1.72 6
Asplenium sp3 Aspleniaceae
208.33 1.69
0.08 1.75
3.45 7
Begonia sp Begoniaceae
625.00 5.08
0.21 4.39
9.47 8
Unidentified Rubiaceae
312.50 2.54
0.13 2.63
5.17 9
Rotan Kapingei Calamus sp1
Arecaceae 937.50
7.63 0.38
7.89 15.52
10 Rotan Noko
Calamus sp2 Arecaceae
104.17 0.85
0.04 0.88
1.72 11
Rotan Wana Calamus sp3
Arecaceae 104.17
0.85 0.04
0.88 1.72
12 Pakis pohon
Cyathea contamminans
Cyatheaceae 416.67
3.39 0.17
3.51 6.90
13 Davallia sp1
Davalliaceae 416.67
3.39 0.17
3.51 6.90
14 Davallia sp2
Davalliaceae 208.33
1.69 0.08
1.75 3.45
15 Walopore
Dinochloa barbata
Poaceae 104.17
0.85 0.04
0.88 1.72
16 Bambu halus
Dinochloa sp Poaceae
416.67 3.39
0.17 3.51
6.90 17
Diplazium pallidum
Athyriaceae 104.17
0.85 0.04
0.88 1.72
18 Ehawana
Dipteris conjugata
Polypodiaceae 104.17
0.85 0.04
0.88 1.72
19 Drynaria rigidula
s.wbedd Polypodiaceae
208.33 1.69
0.04 0.88
2.57 20
Katatuma Elatostema sp
Urticaceae 729.17
5.93 0.29
6.14 12.07
21 Euria sp
Theaceae 104.17
0.85 0.04
0.88 1.72
22 Langka
Frecynetia insignis Blume
Frecynnetiaceae 104.17
0.85 0.04
0.88 1.72
23 Kabubakangkaloka
Garcinia sp Clusiaceae
208.33 1.69
0.08 1.75
3.45 24
Geniophlebium sp
Aspiadaceae 104.17
0.85 0.04
0.88 1.72
25 Lumut
Hypnodendron dendroides
Hypnodendraceae 416.67
3.39 0.17
3.51 6.90
26 Tatari
Kilingia sp Cyperaceae
208.33 1.69
0.08 1.75
3.45 27
Laviera montana Becc
Monimiaceae 312.50
2.54 0.13
2.63 5.17
28 Lindsaea sp
Lindsaeaceae 104.17
0.85 0.04
0.88 1.72
29 Baka
Litsea sp Lauraceae
104.17 0.85
0.04 0.88
1.72 30
Lygodium circinnatum
Schizaeacea 208.33
1.69 0.08
1.75 3.45
31 Lambori
Pandanus sarasinorum
Pandanaceae 416.67
3.39 0.17
3.51 6.90
32 Pandan
Pandanus sp Pandanaceae
104.17 0.85
0.04 0.88
1.72 33
Pinang hijau Pinanga caessia
Blume Arecaceae
1041.67 8.47
0.38 7.89
16.37 34
Balu Piper sp
Piperaceae 104.17
0.85 0.04
0.88 1.72
35 Psychotria
malayana Jack Rubiaceae
416.67 3.39
0.17 3.51
6.90 36
Schefflera sp Araliaceae
104.17 0.85
0.04 0.88
1.72 37
Kadamuku Smilax
leuchophylla Smilaceae
520.83 4.24
0.21 4.39
8.62
No. Local Name
Scientific Name Family
K KR
F FR
INP
38 Makubana
Syzygium accuminatissima
Myrtaceae 312.50
2.54 0.13
2.63 5.17
39 Syzygium sp3
Myrtaceae 416.67
3.39 0.17
3.51 6.90
40 Marangkappi
Urophyllum sp Rubiaceae
208.33 1.69
0.04 0.88
2.57 41
Gaharu 104.17
0.85 0.04
0.88 1.72
From the table above we can see there are 41 species from 26 family of seedling and undergrowth plant in our sampling plot. From
vegetation found in this plot, 20 species from 13 families were known as Anoa feed. Those vegetations that identified as Anoa feed are mostly
from Arecaceae, Pandanaceae, Poaceae, Myrtaceae, and Zingiberaceae family. Pinanga caessia Blume from family Arecaceae which also
identified as Anoa feed has the highest value in importance value. Pinanga caessia Blume also has the highest value in frequency value and
density. This condition explains that Pinanga caessia Blume were found in many plot of sample we made. Which also means this species dominated
the structure condition of sapling and undergrowth plan. Pinanga caessia Blume and Alpinia sp. were analyzed has high
value in important value. From this analysis we can see that location where Anoa was found is rich of feed supply for Anoa. The domination of
vegetation that identified as Anoa feed shows that; feed supply for Anoa still in good condition. The result from seedling undergrowth plant plot is
maybe can explain Anoa feed supply because seedling and undergrowth plant is the vegetation that can be reached by Anoa. Anoa was also
known like to consume the sprout of seedling plant.
Table 4.4 Sapling Vegetation
No Local Name
Scientific Name Family
K KR
F FR
INP
1 Damar
Agathis celebica Koord Warb
Araucariaceae 16.67
1.11 0.04
1.30 2.41
2 Kurio
Ardisia sp Myrsinaceae
33.33 2.22
0.08 2.60
4.82 3
Pinang merahHarao
Areca vestiarea Giseke
Arecaceae 33.33
2.22 0.04
1.30 3.52
4 Unidentified
Myrsinaceae 16.67
1.11 0.04
1.30 2.41
5 Unidentified
Rubiaceae 33.33
2.22 0.08
2.60 4.82
6 Unidentified
Lauraceae 16.67
1.11 0.04
1.30 2.41
7 Unidentified
Unidentified 16.67
1.11 0.04
1.30 2.41
8 Urio
Chionanthus nitens Oleaceae
16.67 1.11
0.04 1.30
2.41 9
Palohawana Chionantus
Oleaceae 16.67
1.11 0.04
1.30 2.41
No Local Name
Scientific Name Family
K KR
F FR
INP
ramiflorus 10
Chisocheton sp Meliaceae
50.00 3.33
0.13 3.90
7.23 11
Pakis pohon Cyathea
contamminans Cyatheaceae
100.00 6.67
0.25 7.79
14.46 12
Taiti Disoxyllun sp
Meliaceae 16.67
1.11 0.04
1.30 2.41
13 Tomanete
Eurya accuminata Theaceae
33.33 2.22
0.08 2.60
4.82 14
Langka Freycinnetia
insignis Freycinnetiaceae
16.67 1.11
0.04 1.30
2.41 15
Kabubakangkaloka Garcinia sp
Clusiaceae 66.67
4.44 0.17
5.19 9.64
16 Hukawana
Gnetum sp Gnetaceae
16.67 1.11
0.04 1.30
2.41 17
Mpomaria Litsea sp
Lauraceae 16.67
1.11 0.04
1.30 2.41
18 Palili
Lythocarpus celebicus
Fagaceae 183.33
12.22 0.21
6.49 18.72
19 Lambori
Pandanus sarasinorum
Pandanaceae 33.33
2.22 0.08
2.60 4.82
20 Kau sop
Phyllocladus hypophyllus Hook.F
Podocarpaceae 133.33
8.89 0.25
7.79 16.68
21 Pinang
hijauGompu Pinanga caessia
Blume Arecaceae
166.67 11.11
0.29 9.09
20.20 22
Marangkappi Saurauia sp
Actinidaceae 16.67
1.11 0.04
1.30 2.41
23 Sterculia oblogata
Sterculiaceae 33.33
2.22 0.04
1.30 3.52
24 Makubana
Syzygium accuminatissima
Myrtaceae 133.33
8.89 0.33
10.39 19.28
25 Jambu jambu
Syzygium sp1 Myrtaceae
50.00 3.33
0.13 3.90
7.23 26
Syzygium sp3 Myrtaceae
100.00 6.67
0.25 7.79
14.46 27
Timonius sp Rubiaceae
33.33 2.22
0.08 2.60
4.82 28
Ampoiwana Viburnum
sambucinum Caprifoliaceae
33.33 2.22
0.08 2.60
4.82 29
Dolo Viburnum sp
Caprifoliaceae 16.67
1.11 0.04
1.30 2.41
30 Karanahi
Viburnum sp2 Caprifoliaceae
16.67 1.11
0.04 1.30
2.41 31
Gaharu 33.33
2.22 0.08
2.60 4.82
From Table 4.4 we can see in sapling sampling plot there are 31 species from 18 family of plant in this plot. Pinanga Caessia Blume also
has the highest importance value in this sampling plot. While other species like Lythocarpus celebicus, Cyathea contamminan, Phyllocladus
hypophyllus and Syzygium accuminatissima also have high value in importance value. Some of the species like Lythocarpus celebicus was
known produce fruit that is feed for Anoa. In this sapling plot, 10 species from 7 families are identified as
Anoa feed vegetation. From 10 species, five of them are dominated this plot. Those vegetations are Pinanga caessia Blume, Cyathea
contamminans, Lythocarpus celebicus, Syzygium accuminatissima, and Syzygium sp. Domination of Anoa feed vegetation indicated the food
availability in sapling plant still can meet Anoa demand of nutrition.
Table 4.5 Poles Vegetation
No Local Name
Scientific Name Family
K KR
F FR
D DR
INP
1 Damar
Agathis celebicaKoord
Warb Araucariaceae
4.17 0.92
0.04 1.45
0.11 1.56
3.93 2
Pinang merah Areca vestiarea
Giseke Arecaceae
12.50 2.75
0.04 1.45
0.10 1.55
5.75 3
Unidentified Unidentified
4.17 0.92
0.04 1.45
0.04 0.58
2.95 4
Kaha Castanopsis
accuminatissima Fagaceae
4.17 0.92
0.04 1.45
0.11 1.56
3.93 5
Pakis pohon Cyathea
contamminans Cyatheaceae
70.83 15.60
0.54 18.84
1.02 15.09
49.53 6
Loncaibo Dysoxyllun sp
Meliaceae 4.17
0.92 0.04
1.45 0.07
1.09 3.45
7 Baka
Litsea sp Lauraceae
4.17 0.92
0.04 1.45
0.03 0.48
2.85 8
Palili Lythocarpus
celebicus Fagaceae
70.83 15.60
0.50 17.39
1.32 19.54
52.53 9
Nggera Myristica sp
Myristicaceae 4.17
0.92 0.04
1.45 0.07
1.09 3.45
10 Lebanu kuni
Neonuclea sp Rubiaceae
4.17 0.92
0.04 1.45
0.11 1.56
3.93 11
Kume Palaquium
quercifolium Sapotaceae
4.17 0.92
0.04 1.45
0.11 1.56
3.93 12
Lambori Pandanus
sarasinorum Pandanaceae
4.17 0.92
0.04 1.45
0.03 0.48
2.85 13
Kau sop Phyllocladus
hypophyllus Podocarpaceae
33.33 7.34
0.25 8.70
0.45 6.63
22.66 14
Pinang hijau Pinanga caessia
Blume Arecaceae
125.00 27.52
0.38 13.04
1.31 19.35
59.91 15
Makubana Syzygium
accuminatissima Myrtaceae
54.17 11.93
0.33 11.59
1.19 17.60
41.12 16
Syzygium sp1 Myrtaceae
12.50 2.75
0.13 4.35
0.18 2.73
9.83 17
Syzygium sp2 Myrtaceae
8.33 1.83
0.04 1.45
0.09 1.40
4.68 18
Syzygium sp3 Myrtaceae
20.83 4.59
0.21 7.25
0.29 4.24
16.07 19
Bakalopi Rubiaceae
4.17 0.92
0.04 1.45
0.06 0.82
3.18 20
Bekawa 4.17
0.92 0.04
1.45 0.07
1.09 3.45
From the table above there are 20 species from 12 family of plant in poles category. Pinanga caessia Blume are the plant with the highest
importance value. Other species that also have high importance value are Lythocarpus
celebicus, Cyathea
contamminans, and
Syzygium accuminatissima. The result from poles sampling plot have a similar result
with the sapling plot. There are several species that dominated both sampling plot. Those species are Pinanga caessia Blume, Lythocarpus
celebicus, Cyathea contamminans, and Syzygium accuminatissima. In pole plot analysis, 9 species from 5 families were identified as
Anoa feed vegetation. Dominated vegetation from this plot also represent the Anoa feed vegetation. Myrtaceae and Arecaceae family dominated
this plot as representation of Anoa feed vegetation. Comparing with
sapling plot, Anoa feed vegetation which dominated the plot have similarities in species. Those species dominated the both sampling plot in
significant value than other species.
Table 4.6 Tree Vegetation
No Local Name
Scientific Name Family
K KR
F FR
D DR
INP
1 Damar
Agathis celebica Koord Warb
Araucariaceae 20.83
14.08 0.50
13.33 3.52
22.21 49.63
2 Bekawa
4.17 2.82
0.08 2.22
0.47 2.98
8.02 3
sp1 Myrsinaceae
1.04 0.70
0.04 1.11
0.04 0.23
2.04 4
sp2 Lauraceae
3.13 2.11
0.08 2.22
0.25 1.58
5.91 5
sp3 Rubiaceae
4.17 2.82
0.13 3.33
0.29 1.81
7.96 6
sp4 Unidentified
4.17 2.82
0.08 2.22
0.46 2.90
7.93 7
sp5 Unidentified
1.04 0.70
0.04 1.11
0.12 0.74
2.56 8
sp6 Unidentified
2.08 1.41
0.08 2.22
0.25 1.59
5.22 9
Towako Calophyllum sp
Clusiaceae 2.08
1.41 0.04
1.11 0.11
0.67 3.19
10 Kaha
Castanopsis accuminatissima
Fagaceae 5.21
3.52 0.08
2.22 1.08
6.82 12.57
11 Palohawana
Chionantus ramiflorus
Oleaceae 3.13
2.11 0.04
1.11 0.26
1.66 4.88
12 Pakanangi
Cinnamommum parthenoxyllon
Lauraceae 2.08
1.41 0.08
2.22 0.17
1.10 4.73
13 Kau Pangkao
Dacrydium sp Podocarpaceae
2.08 1.41
0.04 1.11
0.20 1.27
3.79 14
Loncaibo Dysoxyllun sp
Meliaceae 1.04
0.70 0.04
1.11 0.08
0.53 2.34
15 Wonce
Euodia celebica Hask
Rutaceae 1.04
0.70 0.04
1.11 0.10
0.63 2.45
16 Tomanete
Eurya accuminata Theaceae
1.04 0.70
0.04 1.11
0.09 0.56
2.38 17
Mompo Ficus cellosa
Moraceae 1.04
0.70 0.04
1.11 0.04
0.25 2.06
18 Langka
Freycinnetia insignis
Freycinnetiaceae 5.21
3.52 0.08
2.22 0.21
1.30 7.05
19 Palili
Lythocarpus celebicus
Fagaceae 18.75
12.68 0.50
13.33 1.62
10.24 36.25
20 Palili pohu
Lythocarpus havilandii
Fagaceae 1.04
0.70 0.04
1.11 0.12
0.74 2.56
21 Lythocarpus sp1
Fagaceae 3.13
2.11 0.04
1.11 0.19
1.18 4.40
22 Nggera
Myristica vatua Myristicaceae
1.04 0.70
0.04 1.11
0.05 0.32
2.14 23
Lebanukuni Neonauclea sp
Rubiaceae 1.04
0.70 0.04
1.11 0.12
0.74 2.56
24 Benuang
Octomeles sumatrana
Datistaceae 1.04
0.70 0.04
1.11 0.59
3.73 5.54
25 Kume
Palaquium quercifolium
Magnoliaceae 1.04
0.70 0.04
1.11 0.08
0.53 2.34
26 Kau sop
Phyllocladus hypophyllus
Podocarpaceae 6.25
4.23 0.17
4.44 0.46
2.91 11.58
27 Kau vatu
Planchonella nitida
Sapotaceae 2.08
1.41 0.04
1.11 0.23
1.45 3.97
28 Rododendron sp
Ericaceae 4.17
2.82 0.13
3.33 0.48
3.01 9.16
29 Sterculia oblogata
Sterculiaceae 4.17
2.82 0.08
2.22 0.36
2.27 7.31
30 Makubana
Syzygium accuminatissima
Myrtaceae 19.79
13.38 0.46
12.22 2.05
12.91 38.51
31 Syzygium sp1
Myrtaceae 4.17
2.82 0.08
2.22 0.35
2.23 7.27
32 Syzygium sp2
Myrtaceae 2.08
1.41 0.08
2.22 0.27
1.70 5.33
No Local Name
Scientific Name Family
K KR
F FR
D DR
INP
33 Syzygium sp3
Myrtaceae 10.42
7.04 0.25
6.67 0.84
5.31 19.02
34 Syzygium sp4
Myrtaceae 1.04
0.70 0.04
1.11 0.11
0.71 2.52
35 Dolo
Viburnum sp Caprifoliaceae
2.08 1.41
0.08 2.22
0.19 1.19
4.82
There are 35 species from 20 families in sampling plot which have diameter more than 20 cm or categorize as tree. Most of the species are
endemic to Sulawesi Island. In tree plot sampling species that have the highest importance value are Agathis celebica. Importance value mean
the vegetation which had high value in importance value are the vegetation which dominated in term of density, frequency, and basal area
for poles and tree plot. In tree plot sampling Agathis celebica dominated because this species found in large number of plot and has a big
diameter. Other species that also have high importance value is Lythocarpus celebicus or known as Palili for native Sulawesi people.
Different with other plots, tree plot analysis recorded 7 species from 3 families which dominated from Myrtaceae family which commonly
found in vegetation analysis sampling plot. Myrtaceae tree are dominated in term of family class of vegetation for overall vegetation record.
Lythocarpus celebicus were species that have the highest value in importance value. Dominance of Lythocarpus celebicus tree which found
in where Anoa sign were found probably considered as Anoa favorite place for find feed. Lythocarpus celebicus tree produce fruit that known as
Anoa favorite feed. In some shelter, Palili fruit were found inside the shelter.
From overall vegetation analysis, 25 species from 14 families Anoa feed were found in vegetation analysis sampling plot. Pinanga
caessia Blume, Alpinia sp., Cyathea contamminans, Frecynetia insignis Blume, Syzygium accuminatissima, and Lythocarpus celebicus were
commonly found in each plot and each class of vegetation. Beside those dominant vegetation, there also found others vegetation like Elastotema
sp., Begonia sp., Pandanus sp., Piper sp., Dinochloa sp., Garcinia sp., Syzygium sp., Drynaria rigidula, Smilax leuchophylla, and some species
from Zingiberaceae and Arecaceae family in sampling plot. There also some vegetation that not identified yet from it species and family.
Figure 4.22 Palili Fruit
4.6. Morphometric
Kategori