search. In 2001, CBS altered the definition of unemployment to include three more groups of the unemployed on top of the traditionally measured-unemployed,
which is defined as part of the labour force who are not working and actively looking for work. The three additional groups of unemployed people are: i those
who are not working and are not actively looking for work because they do not believe work is available discouraged workers, ii those who already have jobs
but have not started working, and iii those who are preparing a business. Prior to 2001, these groups of people would be considered out of the labour force, hence
not included in the calculation of proportion of unemployed people. The first group makes up the majority of the additional persons considered unemployed
under this new definition of open unemployment Semeru 2005.
2.3. Food Scarcity
Hunger is widely known as an extreme manifestation of a prolonged hunger or sudden occurrence of food insecurity. Food insecurity exists when people are
undernourished as a result of unavailability of food, lack of social or economic access to adequate food, and inadequate food consumption and adsorption. Food
insecurity can be a short term or long term phenomena. Macro level food security, in terms of self-sufficiency at a national or regional level does not guarantee a
household or individual level of food security. Hence food security is a multi- dimensional issue and needs further in depth studies on host parameters DKP
2005 Ariani 2006 referred that World Bank since 1986 categorized food
insecurity into chronic food insecurity and transitoryoccasional food insecurity. Chronic food insecurity is a condition of frequent food scarcity over a certain
period of time. On a household level, chronic food insecurity indicates that the share of food owned is slight lower than needed. Meanwhile on an individual
level, chronic food insecurity is a situation where food consumption is lower than the biological needs. Transitoryoccasional food insecurity is a cyclical food
insecurity that occurs when there is a shock or an unexpected event. Transitoryoccasional food insecurity is also categorized into two specific
categories, which are caused by repeated or cyclical factors and temporary or unpredicted factors.
2.4. Hotspot
Hotspot is defined as something unusual, anomaly, aberration, outbreak, elevated cluster, or critical area Patil and Taillie 2004. Meanwhile according to
Harran e.t. all 2006 hotspots are locations or regions that have consistently high levels of occurrences such as the total amount of poor, unemployed, or people
that suffer from food scarcity and may have characteristics unlike those of surrounding areas.
Hotspot clusters were generated by setting the relative risk in some areas to be larger than one and Song and Kulldorff 2003. Furthermore a poverty hotspot
represents an area characterized by certain local characteristics which could also expand and affect other neighbouring areas Betti et. all 2006.
2.5. Hotspot Detection Method
