shaped clusters. Satscan spatial cluster size was c
50 was used to detect in all areas municipaliti
was used to get a global the core cluster of pover
on the maximum cluster
4.3. Joint Poverty, Foo
Poverty, food inse faced by the society now
and unemployment were that most cities in Ja
municipality areas faced Central Java had the hi
most reluctant towards Pekalongan was the onl
food insecurity, and une facing unemployment or
seen in Appendix 12.
Fig
20 40
60 80
100
Ci ty
D is
tr ic
t Ci
ty
Banten
an’s hotspots were also less stable when the s changed. Therefore ULS with a maximum clus
ct hotspots of poverty, food insecurity, and unemp lities and cities of Java. The maximum cluster si
al description of these issues and this studied also erty, food scarcity and unemployment. Hotspot ma
er size of 50 can be seen in Appendix 10.
ood Scarcity, and Unemployment Hotspots
security, and unemployment are multidimensiona owadays. Therefore joint hotspots of poverty, foo
re built based on the criteria given in Table 1. It c Java faced unemployment problems, meanw
d poverty and food insecurity problems. Yogy highest percentage of municipalities that were c
rds poverty, food insecurity, and unemployme nly city in Central Jave that was reluctant toward
nemployment. Most of the municipalities in West or food insecurity problems. More detail informat
Figure 11 Joint Hotspots Distribution in Java
Ci ty
D is
tr ic
t Ci
ty Ci
ty D
is tr
ic t
Ci ty
D is
tr ic
t Ci
ty D
is tr
ic t
DIY Jakarta West Java
Central Java East Java
Province
e maximum luster size of
employment size of 50
lso allocated t maps based
nal problems ood scarcity,
t can be seen while most
gyakarta and e considered
ment. Kota ards poverty,
t Java were ation can be
D is
tr ic
t 1
2 3
4 5
6
Table 5 Joint Hotspots in Java
Joint Hotsp
ots Total
District City
DistrictCity Core Cluster
3 Kota Batu, Kota Salatiga, Kota Serang
-
1 27
Bekasi, Bogor, Ciamis, Cimahi, Indramayu, Karawang, Kota
Bekasi, Kota Bogor, Kota Cilegon
, Kota.Cirebon,
Kota.Depok, Jakarta Barat, Jakarta Pusat, Jakarta Selatan, Jakarta
Timur
, Jakarta Utara, Kota Sukabumi
, Kota Tangerang, Kota Tegal, Kota Tasik, Majalengka,
Pandeglang , Purwakarta, Serang,
Subang, Sumedang, Tangerang
There were 14 core clusters in the unemployment category. These core
cluster had a proportion of unemployment above 40 and an
average of 50 unemployed people
2 14
Gresik, Jepara , Klaten,
Kota.Belitar, Kota Malang, Kota Probolinggo, Kota Surabaya, Kota
Yogyakarta,
Kudus, Lamongan, Pati
, Semarang, Sidoarjo, Sleman
There were 7 core clusters in the food scarcity category. These core cluster had
a proportion of food scarcity above 70 and an average of 78 food scarce
household
3 8
Kota Magelang, Kota Semarang, Kuningan
, Sragen, Trenggalek, Tuban,
Tulungagung, Wonosobo
There were 4 core clusters in poverty and 1 cluster in food scarce and
unemployed Kuningan category.
4 14
Bandung, Banjar,
Banjarnegara,
Cianjur, Cirebon, Garut,
Kebumen, Kendal, Kota Bandung, Kota Madiun, Lebak, Sukabumi,
Tasikmalaya, Tegal There were 5core clusters in the poor
and unemployed category .These core cluster had an average proportion of
poverty of 23 and an average proportion of unemployment of 49
5 36
Bantul, Banyuwangi, Bojonegoro, Bondowoso, Boyolali, Brebes,
Grobogan, Gunung Kidul, Jember
, Jombang, Kab.Blitar,
Kab.Blora
, Kab.Kediri,
Kab.Malang , Kab.Mojokerto,
Kab.Pasuruan, Kab.Probolinggo, Karanganyar, Kotakediri, Kota
Mojokerto, Kota Pasuruan, Kota Surakarta, Lumajang, Magelang,
Magetan, Nganjuk, Ngawi, Pacitan, Pekalongan
, Ponorogo, Purbalingga
, Rembang, Situbondo, Sukoharjo
, Temanggung, Wonogiri There were 13 core clusters in the poor
and food scarce category . These core cluster had an average poverty of 30
and an average proportion of unemployment of 74
6 9
Banyumas, Batang, Cilacap
, Demak, Kab.Madiun, Kota Pekalongan, Kulon Progo, Pemalang,
Purworejo, Cilacap was the core cluster for this
category and had a proportion of poverty of 30, food scarcity of 74,
and of unemployment of 46
Note: is the core cluster having a reliability score above 0.6
In Table 5 above it can be seen that there were 9 areas that were considered as the most critical areas that needed more attention from the government. These
areas were located in the northern Central and East Java. There were only three cities that were not either poverty, food scarcity, nor unemployment hotspots,
which were Kota Batu, Kota Salatiga, and Kota Serang. Areas which were considered more secure to poverty were located in West Java. A joint hotspot map
of poverty, food insecurity, and unemployment can be seen in Appendix 13. After locating these areas, the core cluster of each case was determined.
These core clusters gave indications of which cluster should be given prioritization. The core clusters that had a reliability score above 0.6 or it is at
least detected four times when using the maximum spatial cluster size of 50, 40, 30, 20, 10, and 5. The stability of clusters can also be seen in
Appendix 11. Afterwards an ordinal logistic model was built in order to identify the main factors causing these joint hotspots. By having knowledge on the factors
causing these hotspots, hopefully precise actions can be done to alleviate critical areas in Java.
4.4. Determining Factors Causing Poverty, Food Insecurity, and