parameter. Reliability is estimated by the equation W
X
Y
X
Z[, where R
i
is the reliability value for location i, S is the total number of scans, and C
i
is the number of scans for which that location i is within a significant cluster.
The reliability measure has a value range from 0 to 1, where 0 means that the location is not found in a significant cluster in any of the scans and 1 means
that the location is within a significant cluster in all scans. The reliability score measures the stability of clusters reported by multiple scans. Reliability is distinct
from the concept of validity, which is a measure of the probability that the cluster represents a true high-risk region. Therefore, the goal of reliability visualization is
to identify stable core clusters rather than to evaluate the validity of the core clusters. Since we are applying it to the results of an analysis that measures
validity, the end result is to identify the locations that are reliable within a significant high risk cluster.
2.11. Joint Hotspots
Most of the time poverty, unemployment, and food security hotspot detection have been done by considering house hold income per capita, but we
must keep in mind that these are multidimensional problem. Poverty, unemployment, and food security can be seen from monetary and non monetary
dimension. The monetary dimension is based on income and consumption indicators. Meanwhile the non monitory indicators include health, education,
social culture, land fertility, etc. Hence, poverty, unemployment, and food security are complex problems that require further research through joint hotspot detection.
Hotspot detection using single criteria household income per capita based on CBS methods are suspected to be underestimated. Other criteria are needed and
this is where joint hotspot detection techniques will be used for altering better results. In this research we will try to find the relationship between poverty,
unemployment, and food scarcity hotspots. One of the questions being raised will be “If an area is a poverty hotspot, would it also be a unemployment and food
scarcity hotspot?” Or is there any relation at all between poverty, unemployment, and food scarcity hotspots.
Table 1 Joint Hotspot Category
Area Poor
Food Scarcity
Unemployment Response Variable
Category Score
A Yes 3
Yes 2 Yes1
6 B
Yes 3 Yes 2
No 0 5
C Yes 3
No 0 Yes 1
4 D
No 0 Yes 2
Yes 1 3
E Yes 3
No 0 No 0
3 F
No 0 Yes2
No 0 2
G No 0
No 0 Yes 1
1 H
No 0 No 0
No 0 To determine the importance between poverty, unemployment, and food
security we will use the MDGs criteria: poverty reduction as target number one will be given a score of three, reducing the proportion of people who suffer from
hunger as the second target will be given a score of two, and in cooperation with developing countries, develop and implement strategies for decent and productive
work for youth as the 16
th
target will be given a score of one UN 2000. Based on the addition of these scores we will develop a final category of multiciriteria
hotspots shown in Table 1. These categories will be used as a response variable for ordinal logistic regression model. These methods will be used to identify the
factors that are of significant influence towards poverty, unemployment, and food scarcity hotspots.
2.12. Ordinal Logistic Regression
