Suggestion for Future Researchers

57 painting painted by her sweetheart and burry herself in a long sadness for twenty years. She also regard Kafka as her sweetheart. Secondly, Saeki manifests her love to her child by leaving him. The reason why she decided to leave her child is that she has a traumatic experience of losing a person she really loves. The motivation of leaving Kafka is not because Saeki does not love her child. However, it is because Saeki really loves the child. She prefers to leave the child first before he is taken from her side.

B. Suggestions

This part is divided into two, namely suggestion for Future Researchers who are interested to analyze this thesis and suggestion for Teaching Learning Process.

1. Suggestion for Future Researchers

The novel of Kafka on the Shore by Haruki Murakami is an interesting novel. It is also inspiring. Murakami packs the novel with a good storyline, beautiful language, some proverbs, and makes impossible things occur in this novel. There are still many aspects that can be analyzed by future researchers. Thus it is suggested for future researchers to discuss some possible aspects. Firstly, future researchers can analyze the aspect of PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 58 Oedipus Complex suffering by Kafka. Secondly, future researchers can analyze the aspect of realism occurs in the story of this novel. Thirdly, future researchers can analyze the painting of Kafka on the Shore. Secondly, future researchers can also analyze the meaning of the lyric the poem of Kafka on the Shore. 2. Suggestion for Teaching-Learning Process Literature, especially novels presents an enjoyment of reading using the particular language. It is because by reading, people will get a new knowledge, for example they can enrich new vocabularies, the content of the story, and the value they can draw from the story. Since literature provides a lot knowledge and gives enjoyment, it can be used as a source of teaching learning process. The writer uses the some part of Murakami’s Kafka on the Shore as a source of teaching learning process. Writing is one of language skills that provide opportunities for students to explore their ideas and express them freely. Walvoorld 1985 says, “Writing is a useful tool for discovering and thinking. It is the vital connection on which education, culture, and commerce in our social depend. It is crucial to you as a person and professional” There are some models of writing, for example descriptive, narrative, procedure, persuasive, and argumentative. The descriptive PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 59 writing is a model of writing to create a description of a place, a person, or a thing. While, descriptive writing is included in Paragraph Writing. Thus the writer uses some part of the novel of Murakami’s Kafka on the Shore as a model of descriptive writing in Paragraph Writing. The model of writing is taken from Murakami’s Kafka on the Shore page 232 and 181. The writer uses those pages because page 232 consists of the description of thing, while page 181 consists of the description of place. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 60 REFERENCES Abrams, M. H. 1981. A Glossary of Literary Term. 4 th Edition. New York: Holt, Rineheart, and Winston, Inc. Allport,G.W. 1937. Personality: A Psychological Interpretation. New York: Henry Holt. Atkinson, R. L., Richard C. A, and Ernest R. H. 1981 Introduction to Psychology: 8 th ed. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Inc. Beck, Robert C. 1978. Motivation: Theories and Principles. New York: Prentice Hall Blackmore, S. 1983. Beyond The Body. London: Granada. Coleman, James. 1976. Abnormal Psychology and Modern Life Fifth Edition . Illionis: Scott Foreman and Company. Crowther, J. 1995. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 5 th Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Davidoff, Linda L. Introduction to Psychology. 3 rd Edition. Boston: McGraw Hill, Inc, 1987. Feist, Jess Gregory J. Feist 2006. Theories of Personality. 6 th Edition. New York: The MCGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., Freud, S. 19231961a. The Ego and The Id. In Standard edition Vol.18. Fromm, E.1986. For The Love For Life. H. J. Schultz, Ed.,; Robert Kimber Rita Kimber, Trans. New York: Free Press. Original work published 1972, 1974, 1975, 1983 Fromm, E.. 1956. The Art of Loving. New York: Haper and Brothers Publishers. Fromm, R. 1981. On Disobedience and Other Essays. New York: Seabury Press. Hauck, P. 1983. How to Love and Beloved: Overcoming Common Problems. Londong: Sheldon Press. Henkle, R, B. 1977. Reading the Novel: An Understanding to Techniques of Interpreting Fiction. New York: Harper and Row Publisher. 60 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 61 Hillman, J. 1985. Anima : An anatomy of a personified notion. Dallas, TX : Spring Jung, C. G. 19541959a. Archetypes and the collective unconscious. In Collected Works Vol.9, Pt.1 Maslow, A. H. 1970. Motivation and Personality 2 nd ed.. New York: Harper Row Murakami, H. 2005. Kafka on the Shore. New York: Division of Random House, INC. Murphy, M.J. 1972. Understanding Unseen. London: George Unwin Ltd. Rohrberger, M. and Samual H. W, Jr. 1971. Reading and Writing about Literature. New York: Random House, Inc. Stanton, Robert. 1980 An Introduction to Fiction. New York: Holt, Reinhart, and Winston, Walvoord, Barbara Fassler. 1985. Writing: Strategies For All Discipline. New York: Prentice Hall. Internet Source: Alberoni, _____. I Love You. Accessed from http:www.alberoni.itpdfiloveyou.pdf on January 6, 2011. Freud, Sigmund. Theories of Personality. Accessed from http:psychology.about.comodtheoriesofpersonalitysspsychosexu aldev_7.htm on March, 2011. Levitan, Lynne and Stephen LaBerge, 1991. Other World: Out-of-Body Ecperiences and Lucid Dreams. Accessed from http:www.lucidity.comNL32.OBEandLD.html on February 2, 2012. Cherry, Kendra. ____. Theories of Personality. Accessed from http:psychology.about.comodtheoriesofpersonalitysspsychosexu aldev_7.htm PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 62 Maslow, A. H. 1970. Levels of Motivation. Accessed from http:www.businessballs.commaslowhierarchyofneeds5.pdf on September 13 , 2011 Naomi. 2007. _____________. Accessed from http:www.goodreads.combookshow4929.Kafka_on_the_Shore on September 13 , 2011 ______, ________. Accessed from http:sastrabudayajepang.blogspot.com200911biografi-haruki- murakami.html, January 8 th , 2012 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI APPENDICES PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI APPENDIX A THE SUMMARY OF KAFKA ON THE SHORE The novel tells about a fifteen-year- old boy, named Kafka who runs away from home in order to look for her mother, named Saeki. The other character in Murakami’s novel Kafka on the Shore was Nakata. Nakata was an old man who lost his memory because of a mysterious occurrence that happened when he was an elementary school student. Nakata became empty, even he couldn’t read. However, Nakata could talk to cats and predict thunder and leeches and fishes rain from the sky. Kafka Tamura and Nakata didn’t know each other. Yet, their adventures ran parallel. Their adventures centered on Miss. Saeki. Saeki is elegant, artistic, egoist, a smart, mysterious, faithful, melancholic, and mystical. When she was in grade school she had a sweet heart. They are very happy couple. Both of them have a good artistic talent. Saeki is able to sing and write poems, while her sweetheart is able to paint. When they were fourteen, they went to the beach near to Komura Memorial Library. Saeki’s sweetheart paints and she accompanies him. The painting is titled Kafka on the Shore. The boy continued his study in Tokyo. Both of them could not see each other for a long time. When she was nineteen, she wrote a poem which expressed her feeling to the boy. The meaning of the poem was like the painting which was painted by her sweetheart when they w ere fourteen. She set the 64 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI poem to music, played the piano and sang it. The title of her poem was Kafka on the Shore. When she was twenty, she had to lose her sweetheart, the one she loved with all her heart. The death takes his soul back to the Creator. It was a very difficult shock for her. She stops to sing, drops from college, and nobody knows where she is. Even she does not go to his sweetheart’s funeral. No one knows where she had been, even her parents and best friend. Many rumors come about her. Some people say that she is committed to mental hospital after a failed suicide. The others said that she works in Tokyo; gets marry and had a child. Twenty five years later, she came back and talked to Komura Family, the family of her sweetheart. Then she becomes the head of Komura Private Library. Even though she comes back and becomes the head of Komura Private Library, the death of her sweetheart still influences her. She becomes a mysterious woman. She is always polite and kind, she close herself. She rarely talks about herself especially her past. She hides her true feeling from other people. The mystery of her life is revealed after Kafka, fifteen-year-old boy, finds her with the theory that she is his mother who was abandoned him since he was a kid with an unknown reason. Then Kafka proves that he is Saeki’s mother. The love for her sweetheart is so deep as if he was her soul. When the soul goes, she loses the willing to live. When Saeki dies, her spirit flies and meets Kafka. She confesses the truth that she is Kafka’s mother who leaves him and apologizes to him. She leaves Kafka not because she does not love him, but it is because she loves him very much so that she does not want to lose him as she loses her sweetheart. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI APPENDIX B HARUKI MURAKAMI Haruki Murakami is described by many people as Japans best living writer. Sometimes he is referred to a Japanese Jay McInerney or Bret Easton Ellis and compared with Franz Kafka, Thomas Pynchon and Raymond Carver; he often writes about lowlife characters in bizarre situations and spices his novels with American lingo and references to things like Dunkin Doughnuts, MTV, Talking Heads and Van Halen. He has said that one of his primary goals in life has been to escape the “Japanese condition” at all costs. The writer Ginki Kobayashi wrote in the Daily Yomiuri, “Murakami was completely different from his predecessors. He managed to detach himself from Japan’s literary past while creating a fictions world that felt very close to home for his country’s younger generation...It felt fresh at the same time as being familiar.” Murakami heroes are often dull ordinary people who have extraordinary things happen to them. Joseph Colem of AP wrote, Murakamis books are full of disoriented twists: Characters crawl down wells and slip into netherworld; they come face to face with evil and lose their souls; their personalities split 66 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI apart...The darkness is his work, however, is balanced by a dose of humor and self-effacement. John Updike wrote in The New Yorker: “Though his work abounds with American culture, especially its popular music, and though he details a banal quotidian with an amiable flatness reminiscent of Western youth and minimalist fiction in the hangover 1970s, his narratives are dreamlike, closer to the vivid surrealism of Kobe Abe than to the superheated but generally sold realism of Mishima and Tanizaki.” Haruki Murakamis Life Murakami was born in Kyoto, grew up in Kobe, and attended Waseda University in Tokyo. His parents were teachers who taught Japanese literature and talked about it all the time, so much so that Murakami said he hated the subject and became interested in Western literature. He spent his youth reading American novels, and listening to Western pop music and jazz. He began writing his first novel, Hear the Wind Sing 1979, in English and didn’t really explore Japanese literature until he was well established as a writer. After graduated from university Murakami worked for several years as a jazz bar owner. On that period of his life he told Israeli interviewer Yediot Aharonot, “Every night, I had to speak with the customers. In those seven years, I did enough talking for a lifetime. Afterwards I made an oath to myself that I wouldn’t talk to anyone to whom I really didn’t want to talk to.” While he ran the bar, Murakami smoked three packs of cigarettes a day and stayed up late and slept late. When he gave up the bar he radically changed his life, replacing cigarettes and booze with running and going to bed early, around 9:00am, and waking up 3:00pm to write. He told Roland Ketts in the Daily Yomiuri, “I actually lost a lot of friends when I made the change. They just PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI couldn’t understand and got angry...You know, nightlife is kind of an illusion. You think there are all these gorgeous things happening late at night, and sometimes they happen. But mostly, it’s just boring.” Murakami is remains dedicated runner. He began running seriously at the age of 33 in 1982 and has competed in more than 60 marathons and completed an ultra-marathon of 62 miles in 1996. In recent years he has gotten into triathlons. He likes to listen to Eric Clapton when he runs and even published a work on his interest in running called What I Talk About When I Talk About Running by Haruki Murakami Knopf, 2008. He is also fan of the Yakult Swallows, a Japanese baseball team. An Israeli newspaper described Murakami as a “very polite person who watches the level of the wine in everyone’s glasses and discreetly fills them” and asked everyone about their childhood. On his wife Yoko, Murakami told Araonot, “She’s a very strict editor who makes many [critical] remarks.” He said he is childless because he is too busy writing and traveling. Murakami Leaves and Returns to Japan Murakami has always viewed himself as an outsider. Despite his popularity many Japanese don’t like him and even the people who like him dislike many of his books. In the late 1980s after Norwegian Wood became a big success Murakami and Yoko moved to Europe and then the United States, mostly in Hawaii. He taught for a while at Princeton and began translating books by famous American writers like F. Scott Fitzgerald and Truman Capote into Japanese. When he and Yoko came back to Japan for periodic visits they did so quietly and discreetly. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI Murakami told Araonot, that he left Japan and settled in the United States because he found Japan “distressing and pressuring” him. “It is a very homogeneous and restricting society—120 million people who are like one person,” he said. In a discussion at Berkeley he said, “Some critics and other writers hated me because I was different. I was called a punk, a con man. Some kind of swindler. Being different is difficult in Japan...They hated me so I left.” The Kobe earthquake and siren gas attacks in the Tokyo subway in 1995, drew Murakami back to Japan. The Kobe earthquake destroyed his parent’s house. The tone of his books changed as he dealt with serous topics with serious fiction and nonfiction books. This alienated many of his fans who preferred his dreamy, irreverent books. Murakami on Writing Murakami has described writing novels as “telling skillful lies...to reveal the truth” with the goal of communicating “private language”—which one feels but can’t explain to others in words—through “objective language”—logical language easily communicated to others—and better yet allowing the two kinds language to interact and enhance each other. Murakami wrote “Most of what I know about writing I’ve learned through running everyday. He has said that writing, like running, requires, in order of importance, talent, focus and endurance, he also said that writing is fundamentally “an unhealthy type of work” because brings the writer is face to face with the “toxin that lies deep down in all humanity” and without which “no creative activity in the real sense can take place.” Regarding his characters Haruki Murakami told Tokyo University lecturer Roland Kelts, “They are so lonely, but at least they have their styles and PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI obsessions for survival. If their lives are empty of meaning, purpose or goals, they adopt a kind of postmodernist view—surviving a meaningless life strictly on their own obsessions, their tastes in things, their styles.” In 2006, 57-year-old Murakami released a translation of The Great Gatsby. He had once said the book was “the most important novel in my life” and once said he wished to translate it when I reach 60.” He also translated Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger and the complete works for Raymond Carver as well as works by John Irving and Tim O’Brien. Some have compared Murakami’s works to the films of Dennis Lynch and TV programs like Monty Python. Two Murakami stories have been made into films: Tony Takitani and Kaze no Uta o Kike “Hear the Song if the Wind”. In October 2006, Murakami was awarded the Franz Kafka International Literary Award. Murakami told Roland Ketts in an article in the Daily Yomiuri, “My readers are the most important thing to me. It doesn’t matter what the critics say. If you are a writer, and you have your readers, you can survive.” He also commented how his readers seem to get younger as he gets older. When he writes a novel he often opens a website and communicates to readers through e-mail, blogs and bulletin boards. Murakami told the New York Times that the theme of many of his works in an ordinary person involved in an extraordinary event, “because I’m an ordinary man, I wrote about ordinary people,” he said, adding, “readers in Asian countries, such as China and South Korea , tend to accept extraordinary events without questioning them, or thinking them strange, unlike readers from Europe.” PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI Murakamis Books Murakami had written 27 novels as 2004. Norwegian Wood 1987, Murakamis bestselling book, sold more than 4 million copies in Japan and millions more overseas and has been translated into 40 languages. The title refers to a Beatles song. The book itself is about a teenage suicide and young mans first tragic love. An experiment in realism, it was much different than his earlier fantastic novels. He wrote most of the book in Rome. Other Murakami books include Dance, Dance, Dance 1988, about a divorced man who steps off an elevator into a parallel universe; Hard-Boiled Wonderland and the End of the World 1985, a hilarious book regarded by some as his masterpiece; Sputnik Sweetheart, about a lonely man in love with a woman who loves another woman; The Wild Sheep Chase 1982, with reference to sheep in Hokkaido; South of the Border, West of the Sun 1999; and All Gods Children Can Dance 2000, about a man’s relationships with his father and son, and set in his home town. The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle Knopf, 1995 is regarded by some as Murakami’s best work. It is set during a 1939 battle in which Japanese troops were slaughtered by Soviet tanks in Mongolian Desert because the Japanese leaders though they were assured of victory because they had been given a blessing by the Emperor. The main character is looking for his cat. A passage from The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle goes The cat has run away. Strange calls had come from a strange woman. I had met an odd girl and started visiting a vacant house. Noboru Wataya had raped Creta Kano, Malta Kanao had predicted Id find my necktie. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI Recent Murakami Books Underground 1997 is a collection of interviews with Aum cult members and survivors of the sarin gas attack in Tokyo in 1995. After the Quake Knopf, 2002 is a collection of stories related to survivors of the Kobe earthquake in 1995. Murakami’s parents had been left homeless by the quake. He said that writing these two books changed him, filling him with a sense of duty as a writer and a person that he hadn’t had before. Blind Willow, Sleeping Woman, released in English in 2006, is a collection of 25 “strange tales” taken from his entire career. Umibe no Kafuka “Kafka on the Shore” was selected by the New York Times as one of the 10 best books on 2005. Critics who liked it praised it for its use of strange worlds and interconnected stories that attempt to tackle some of the big questions about life. Critics who didn’t like it said it went off on too many irrelevant tangents and came across more as a lecture than a novel. The book is about a 15-year-old boy names Kafka who makes some strange friends in a library. John Updike wrote in The New Yorker that it was “a real page-turner as well as an incessantly metaphysical mind-bender.” In Japan, the two volumes of Kafka on the Shore sold 738,00 copies. IQ84, Murakami’s first novel in over five years, hit the stores in Japan in May 2009 and flew of the shelves, selling faster than any of his previous books. Inspired by George Orwell’s 1984 and released in two volumes, it sold more than 1 million copes within two weeks of its release and 1.5 million within the first month. IQ84 is almost 2,000 pages long and features a main female and main male characters who narrate alternating chapters. Murakami began working on the book in Hawaii and spent two years writing it. On writing it he told the PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI Yomiuri Shimbun, “I only had two things in mind: That the story would be about a man and woman, both 30 years old, who search for each other after meeting and parting at the age of 10; and that I’d make this simple story as long and complicated as possible. If I start out thinking about the plot, things don’t go well...I don’t want t spend two years writing a story whose plot I already know.” Murakami said that among the things that motivated and inspired him to IQ84 was the Aum Supreme Truth cult, especially the case of Yasuo Hayashi, who was responsible for the death of eight people in the Tokyo sarin gas attack in 1995 and received a death sentence for that but, according to Murakami, joined the cult without knowing what he was doing and was brainwashed to commit murder. Murakami told the Yomiuri Shimbun, “I attended as many hearings [of Aum trials] at Tokyo’s district and high courts as I could,. At that time I imagined the terror of being left alone on the other side of the moon where a Joe Blow unwittingly commits a felonious crime and ends up becoming a death row convict...I considered for years the meaning of this.” The third volume of IQ84 went on sale in Japan IN April 2010. Murakami said that he was motivated to write IQ84 by the September 11th 2001, terrorist attack on the United States, telling the Yomiuri Shimbun that the attack “seemed to have spread international sentiment that a separate and different world may exist with our own...I felt compelled to write about the surreal belief that our world may exist in parallel with another where there has been no Iraq war and [the United States] is led by a different president.” Popularity of Murakami Abroad Norwegian Wood, the movie Murakami is widely read in Asia. Over 1.3 million legal copies of Norwegian Wood and 300,000 copies of Kafka on the Shore have been printed in PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI China and no doubt many tomes more illegal copies have been sold. . Norwegian Wood, sold under name translated to mean The Age of Derivation, has sold well in South Korea. Murakami’s works have been translated into 40 languages. They are also widely read in Europe and the United States. Kafka on the Shore topped the bestseller lost in Austria. More than 2,000 people came out to see Murakami in a stage discussion in San Francisco and fans lined up for hours to get a signed book. Murakami has been awarded the Jerusalem Prize and Franz Kafka Prize and is touted as a future winner of the Nobel Prize. Murakami received the Jerusalem Prize in Jerusalem when Israel was carrying out a large-scale offensive in the Gaza Strip and condemned Israel for its aggression at the award ceremony. The film version of Norwegian Wood, is being directed by Vietnamese director Anh Hung Tran. For many this was a surprise because Murakami has said before the only director he would let handle his works were Woody Allen and David Lynch. Haruki Murakami was awarded Spain’s top culture award, the order of Arts and Letters, in 2009. He is popular in Spain. Text Sources: New York Times, Washington Post, Los Angeles Times, Daily Yomiuri, Times of London, Japan National Tourist Organization JNTO, National Geographic, The New Yorker, Time, Newsweek, Reuters, AP, Lonely Planet Guides, Compton’s Encyclopedia and various books and other publications. Taken from http:factsanddetails.comjapan.php?itemid=677catid=20subcatid=128 accessed on January 24, 2012 at 4 PM PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI APPENDIX C THE COVER OF KAFKA ON THE SHORE Scanned Cover 75 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI APPENDIX D LESSON PLAN Subject : Paragraph Writing Semester : 2 Time Allocation : 2x50 minutes Teaching Method : Lecturing, Discussion, Individual Work. Source : Page 232 and 181 of Murakami’s Kafka on the Shore Learning Material : Enclosed

A. Competence Standards: