2. Role plays
According to Paulstan and Bruder 1976:70, role plays are exercises where the student is assigned an untrue role from which he has to improvise some kind of
behavior toward the other role character in the exercise. In role-playing, students are asked to play the part of someone else. Teachers can give details of the characters
and situation that they are supposed to be in, or the students can make their own character based on the requirements that represent the materials. The students
interact in small groups or in pairs taking different characters. In playing the roles, they involve their improvisation to make the performance runs in smooth.
In this study, role play is a communicative activity in which the students are asked to play the some characters. The characters in this role play are usually created
by the students. The students can explore the characters and improvise their speech based on their creativity.
3. Speaking
According to Nunan 2003:48 speaking is a productive auraloral skill. It means that through speaking activities, learners can express their ideas, thoughts and
feelings orally. In this study, speaking is an activity which involved two or more people act as a speaker and listener to share their thoughts and feelings orally.
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CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW
This chapter includes two parts, namely theoretical description and theoretical framework. The theoretical description presents some important concepts related to
the research. The concepts are: 1 Perception, 2 Factors that affect person in perceiving the stimuli to make perception, 3 Perception on Learning, and 4
Speaking. Moreover, the theoretical framework consists of summary from the theories that will be used to solve the research problems.
A. Theoretical Description
In this section, the researcher discusses the theory related to this study. There are three related theories to be viewed. The theories are Perception, Perception on
Learning, and Speaking.
1. Perception
The understanding of perception can be derived from some sources. According to Worchel and Shebilske 1998:117, perception is the process of interpreting
information. Huffman et al. 1997:79 stated that perception is a process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting sensory data into usable mental representations of the
world. Moskowitz and Orgel 1969: 158 argued that perception is a global response to a stimulus or a set of stimuli. According to Szilagyi and Wallace 1980:70,
perception is defined as a process by which individuals attend to incoming stimuli, organize, and then interpret such stimuli into a message that in turn indicates an
appropriate action or behavior. From those definitions, perception can be viewed as a conscious mental and
cognitive process of observing, comprehending, and responding about particular PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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