Revision, and Dissemination and Implementation Borg and Gall, 1983: 775. However, because of limitation in time and capacity, the writer would only
employ five steps of the R D cycle. They are:
1. Research and Information Collecting
In this step, the writer collected as much data as possible which included gathering supporting references, and preparing a questionnaire and interview list.
These should be undertaken to collect research finding and other information for the planned materials. In this step, the writer collected the data by distributing a
questionnaire to the ninth grade students of SMP Negeri 11 Yogyakarta and conducting an interview with the English teacher.
2. Planning
According to Borg and Gall 1983: 779, the most important aspect of planning is stating the specific objectives to be achieved by the product. Based on
the data gathered in the preceding step, then the writer decided the goals, topics, general purposes, and objectives to present the designed materials.
3. Development of Preliminary Form of Product
An important principle that should be observed in developing the preliminary form of instructional materials was to arrange the materials. Thus, the
writer developed the materials based on the data gathered from the Research and Information Collecting and the Planning. The designed materials were also
developed based on the curriculum demand.
4. Preliminary Field Testing
The purpose of Field Testing is to acquire an initial qualitative evaluation and comments for the designed materials. These would be used to revise and
improve the designed materials. In this step, the designed materials would be evaluated by an English teacher of SMP Negeri 11 Yogyakarta, and two English
lecturers of the English Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma University. To collect the data, the writer used a questionnaire.
5. Main product revision
The purpose of this step is to determine whether the designed materials meet the performance objectives. From the data gathered in the Preliminary Field
Testing, the writer revised and improved the designed materials.
B. Research Participants
