Problem Formulation Limitation of the Study Objectives of the Study Benefits of the Study

B. Problem Formulation

The problems of this study are formulated as follows. 1. How is a set of listening instructional materials based on task-based principles for the ninth grade students of SMP Negeri 11 Yogyakarta designed? 2. What does the designed materials look like?

C. Limitation of the Study

In order to limit the scope of the study, the writer divides the study into three parts. First, the writer focuses the materials more on listening skills. Although listening skill is included as receptive skill, listening skill is hard to master for most students. Second, the writer uses the task-based learning as the theory in developing the materials. Task-based learning provides many tasks for students to practice in the target language. Task-based learning gives many opportunities for learners to interact through the tasks. Third, the writer focuses on the materials for the ninth grade students of SMP Negeri 11 Yogyakarta. There were two considerations in choosing the students of SMP Negeri 11 Yogyakarta. First, it deals with the students’ needs, characteristics and abilities. Second, it deals with the demand of school-based curriculum on listening skill. Therefore, the writer limits the study on the design of listening instructional materials based on task-based learning for the ninth grade students of SMP Negeri 11 Yogyakarta.

D. Objectives of the Study

The objectives of this study are to answer the questions formulated in problem formulation. Those objectives are: 1. To discover how a set of listening instructional materials based on task-based learning for the ninth grade students of SMP Negeri 11 Yogyakarta is designed. 2. To present the design of a set of listening instructional materials based on task-based learning for the ninth grade students of SMP Negeri 11 Yogyakarta.

E. Benefits of the Study

This study is expected to give benefits for: 1. Teachers Since this study is about listening instructional materials using task-based learning for the ninth grade students of SMP Negeri 11 Yogyakarta, it can be very useful instructional materials to teach listening intended for junior high school students. 2. Students This can be a good listening instructional materials design for the ninth grade students of SMP Negeri 11 Yogyakarta. These instructional materials can be used to practice and develop their listening skill and also to prepare for the National School Examination. It is hoped that the students who previously perceived listening as the difficult and hardest skill to master will enjoy their listening exercises and tasks. 3. Other Researchers It is hoped that this study will be beneficial for other researchers who would conduct similar study. This study can be very helpful for those who will design similar materials on listening instructional materials for junior high school.

F. Definition of Terms