every teaching learning activity. The purpose of the task-based learning is language learning. Thus, the students are provided with many tasks to practice
listening skills.
B. Theoretical Framework
The previous theories give clear descriptions about the principles in teaching listening, methodology in teaching listening, school-based curriculum,
task-based learning, and models of instructional design. In this part, the researcher will explain the steps in designing the materials which are adapted from the
instructional model by Kemp. There are some steps involved in the process of designing a set of listening
instructional materials for the ninth grade students of SMP Negeri 11 Yogyakarta. In designing the materials, the writer refers to an instructional designed model,
that is, Kemp’s instructional designed model. Kemp’s model is chosen since it has some strengths. First, Kemp’s model focuses on the material resources, goals,
uses, and the choice of learning resources. Next, Kemp’s model can be applied to all levels of education. Then, Kemp’s model considers instructional program as a
system where the steps are interdependent to each other, which is indicated by the broken-lined circle in the revision step. It is pretty clear that the revision should be
viewed as a dynamic process. The first step is determining the competence standard and the basic competence. In this part, the writer adapts the competence
standard and the basic competence based on the school-based curriculum. Second, the writer conducts the need analysis. The need analysis in this study is gathered
by distributing a questionnaire to the students. Third, the writer determines the indicators that the writer expects the students to achieve. Fourth, the writer selects
the most suitable topics for the students. In this study, the writer selects the topics based on the school-based curriculum. In addition, the writer also selects the most
interesting topics from the students so that the topics suit the students’ need and interest. Fifth, the writer develops the teaching and learning activities. The writer
develops the teaching and learning activities based on the task-based learning and materials resources. In this study, the writer not only takes the teaching and
learning activities from the sources materials only but also adds some more tasks which suit the students. Next, the writer prepares any needed equipment for
designing the materials. After that, the writer designs the materials. Having designed the materials, the writer then conducts the last step that is, evaluating the
designed materials. The writer conducts the evaluation by distributing a questionnaire to the respondents. In carrying out those steps, the writer is allowed
to do some revisions in any steps.
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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
In this chapter the researcher presents the methodology employed in this study in order to answer the questions as stated in the problem formulation in
Chapter 1. This chapter covers the description of the research method, the research participants, the research instruments, the data gathering technique, the
data analysis technique and the research procedures.
A. Research Method
In this study the researcher employed educational research and development R D. Educational research and development is a process used to
develop and validate educational products Borg and Gall, 1983: 772. The major purpose of the R D is to develop effective products to be used in school. The
products include teacher’s materials, teaching methods, and method for organizing instruction. The establishing and processing of instruction in this research is
designing instructional material to teach listening to the ninth grade students of SMP Negeri 11 Yogyakarta.
R D consists of a cycle where a product will be developed, field- tested, and improved on the basis of field-test data. R D cycle contains ten steps,
namely Research and Information Collecting, Planning, Development of Preliminary Form of Product, Field Testing, Main product Revision, Main Field
Testing, Operational Product Revision, Operational Field Testing, Final Product
