18 Management Universitys production house in 2003 and a joint production
between Raffles Institution and Raffles Girls School in 2004. “Infocomm”.
c. First prize, Council of Interracial Books for Children, 1975, for Sing to the
Dawn. d.
First prize, Annual Short Story Contest of Singapore, Ministry of Culture, Singapore, 1982.
B. Approach of the Study
The study uses a psychological approach to analyze the novel. Freud in Brannon, 1996, p.6 emphasizes the role of instinct and physiology in personality
formation and he finds that instincts provide the basic energy for personality and that child‟s perception of physical differences between boys and girls was a
pivotal event in personality formation. Freud sees childhood experiences within the family explains how physiology interacts with experience to influence
personality development. Burman 2008 explains that psychoanalytic approaches feature is used to
highlight how concepts of childhood closely connect with those of dominant cultural understandings of both emotion and memory. Psychoanalytic theory is
used as an interpretive framework to understand what is at stake in the dynamics of child-vieewing and child-saving. Bornstein 2001, in Burman, 2008 explains
that: PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
19
Humanitarian interventions realised through children generate complex emotional as well as economic relationships, with ambiguous
personal and political effects. These include fostering a transnational belonging at the expense of sometimes engendering local jealousines and
inequalities, while the dynamic of individual empowerment they institute can, paradoxically, work to disempower parents. p. 14.
The psychoanalysis that is used is Transference. Transference is a concept that refers to our natural tendency to respond to certain situations in unique,
predetermined ways--predetermined by much earlier, formative experiences usually within the context of the primary attachment relationship American
Psychoanalytic Association, 2016. Transference is what is transferred to new situations from previous situations. In psychoanalysis, old reactions constitute the
core of a persons problem, and that he or she needs to understand them well in order to be able to create choices that are more useful.
Freud states that the word transference to refer to “this ubiquitous
psychological phenomenon, and it remains one of the most powerful explanatory tools in psychoanalysis today, both in the clinical setting and when psychoanalysts
use their theory to explain human behavior ” APA, 2016. Transference describes
the tendency for a person to base some perceptions and expectations in present day relationships on his or her earlier attachments, especially to parents, siblings,
and significant others. Thus transference leads to distortions in interpersonal relationships, as well as nuances of intensity and fantasy. This approach helps the
writer to analyze Dawan‟s mind development because mind has relation to psychology. The influence of gender schema tow
ards Dawan‟s mind development PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
20 is studied by relating psychological approach to Dawan
‟s thoughts that appear in the novel.
