The Problem of Study The Purpose of the Writing Significance of Study Method of The Writing History of Bukit Lawang

From this data, it is clear the interest of tourists is very high on destinations in Bukit Lawang, therefore, requires for the implementation of reform, developing, and promotion of tourism destinations. The writer hopes, with the potential of Bukit Lawang, government, communities and other parties to not saturate continuously improve and increase the existing potential, tourism potential and other potentials for the prosperity and welfare of Bukit Lawang society and society in North Sumatra.

1.2 The Problem of Study

1. What is the potential of Bukit Lawang to be an ecotourism? 2. What is the strategies to develop Bukit Lawang as an ecotourism? 1.3 Scope of study • The potential of Bukit Lawang as an ecotourism.

1.4 The Purpose of the Writing

In writing this paper, there are two purposes, they are : 1 To describe the potential of Bukit Lawang 2 To describe the strategies to develop Bukit Lawang as an ecotourism.

1.5 Significance of Study

This paper is very important for the writer. It is one of a fulfillment the requirements to complete Diploma III English Study Program Sumatra Utara University. Universitas Sumatera Utara

1.6 Method of The Writing

In writing this paper, the writer uses some research. They are : 1 Field research Field research is a kind of research that is used to find certain data by having survey to the place that we need to know. 2 Library research Library research is a kind of research that is used to find certain data by collecting some books and journals that are relevant with the title. Universitas Sumatera Utara CHAPTER II THE REVIEW RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Definition 2.1.1 Definition of Tourism Theobald 1994 suggested that “etymologically, the word tour is derived from the Latin, ‘tornare’ and the Greek, ‘tornos’, meaning ‘a lathe or circle; the movement around a central point or axis’. The meaning changed in modern English to represent ‘one’s turn’. The suffix –ism is defined as ‘an action or process; typical behavior or quality’, while the suffix, -ist denotes ‘one that combined, they suggest the action’. When the word tour and the suffixes –ism and –ist are combined, they suggest the action of movement around a circle. One can argue that a circle represent a starting point, which ultimately returns back to its beginning. Therefore, like a circle, a tour represents a journey in that it is a roundtrip, i.e., the act of leaving and then returning to the original starting point, and therefore, one who takes such a journey can be called a tourist. According to Law No. 102009 on tourism, tourism is a wide range of tourist activities are supported by a range of facilities and services provided by the public, employers, Government and Local Government. In 1976, the Tourism Society of England’s definition was: “Tourism is the temporary, short-term movement of people to destination outside the places where they normally live and work and their activities during stay at each destination. It includes movements for all purposes.” In 1981, the International Association of Universitas Sumatera Utara Scientific Experts in Tourism defined tourism in terms of particular activities selected by choice and undertaken outside the home. In 1994, the United Nations classified three forms of tourism in its Recommendations on Tourism statistics: a Domestic tourism, involving residents of the given country travelling only within this country. b Inbound tourism, involving non-residents travelling in the given country. c Outbound tourism, involving residents travelling in another country. According to WTO World Tourism Organization 1995:5 the meaning of tourism is activities of person travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes. Tourism is important and in some cases vital for many countries including Indonesia, because it brings in large amounts of income in payment for goods and services available, contributing an estimated 5 to the worldwide gross domestic product GDP, and it creates opportunities for employment in the service industries associated with tourism. These services industries include transportation services, such as airlines, cruise ships, and taxicabs; hospitality services, such as accommodations, including hotels and resorts; and entertainment venues, such as amusement parks, casinos, shopping malls, music venues and theatres. Universitas Sumatera Utara

2.1.2 Definition of Tourist

According to Law No. 10 year 2009 concerning the mention of tourism tourist are people who do the tour. While Sihite 2000:49 notion tourists can be divided into two, namely: 1 Local tourists are tourists in the country or domestic tourists. 2 Foreign tourists are citizen of a country that held out the environment tour of the country into the other country. According to WTO World Tourism Organization 1995:5 the meaning of tourist is overnight visitor, visitor staying at least one night in a collective or private accommodation in the place visited. According IUOTO International Union of Official Travel Organization, in Gamal Suwantoro 2009:4 use restrictions on tourists in general: visitors that every person who comes into a country or other residence and usually with the intent to do anything except work pay. So there are two categories of visitor designator, namely: 1 Tourists are visitors staying temporarily, at least 24 hours in a country. With the intention of travelling tourists can be classified into:  Cruise leisure, for purposes of recreation, vacation, health, study, religious, and sports.  Relationships relationship, trade, family, relatives, MICE, etc. 2 Travelers excursionist temporary visitors is someone living in a country visited in less than 24 hours. Universitas Sumatera Utara Based on the description above, it can be concluded that the tourists are the ones who do the activities with the purpose of obtaining pleasure trip, not to work, settle down and earn living.

2.1.3 Definition of Nature Tourism

Nature tourism is responsible travel to natural areas, which conserves the environment and improves the welfare of local people. It is tourism based on the natural attractions of an area. Examples include bird watching, photography, stargazing, camping, hiking, hunting, fishing, and visiting parks. These experiential tourists are interested in a diversity of natural and cultural resources. Nature tourism provides incentives for local communities and landowners to conserve wildlife habitats upon which the industry depends – it promotes conservation by placing an increased value on remaining natural areas. As nature tourism becomes more important to the local economy, communities have additional incentive to conserve their remaining natural areas for wildlife and wildlife enthusiasts.

2.2 Ecotourism

2.2.1 Definition of Ecotourism

Hector Ceballos-Lascurain 1987 says, “Nature or ecotourism can be defined as tourism that consist in travelling to relatively undisturbed or uncontaminated natural areas with the specific objectives of studying, admiring, Universitas Sumatera Utara and enjoying the scenery and its wild plants and animals, as well as any existing cultural manifestations both past and present found in the areas. In 1991, The International Ecotourism Society TIES say, “ecotourism is responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and sustains the well being of local people.” The World Conservation Union 1996 say that ecotourism is environmentally responsible travel and visitation to relatively undisturbed natural areas, in order to enjoy and appreciate nature and any accompanying cultural features – both past and present that promotes conversation has low negative visitor impact, and provides for beneficially active socio-economic involvement of local populations. Generally, ecotourism deals with living parts of the natural environments. Ecotourism focuses on socially responsible travel, personal growth, and environmental sustainability. Ecotourism typically involves travel to destinations where flora, fauna, and cultural heritage are the primary attractions. Ecotourism is intended to offer tourist insight into impact of human beings on the environment, and to foster a greater appreciation of our natural habitats. Responsible ecotourism programs include those that minimize the negative aspects of conventional tourism on the environment and enhance the cultural integrity of local people. Therefore, in addition evaluating environmental and cultural factors, an integral part of ecotourism is the promotion of recycling, energy efficiency, water conservation, and creation of economic opportunities for Universitas Sumatera Utara local communities. For these reasons, ecotourism often appeals to advocates of environmental and social responsibility. 2.2.2 The Ecotourism Activities Activities to do in ecotourism, namely: • Trekking Trekking is a part of adventure travel, it involves visits to remote areas, lodging in tents and minimal accommodation. It is done for adventure and expedition. • Hiking Hiking is an outdoor activity which consists of walking in natural environments, often in mountainous or other scenic terrain. People often hike on hiking walls. Studies have confirmed the health benefits of different types of hiking, including losing excess weight, decreasing hypertension, and improving mental health. • Camping Camping is an outdoor recreational activity. The participants known as campers leave urban areas, their home region or civilization and enjoy nature while spending one or several nights outdoors, usually at a campsite. Camping may involve the use of a tent, caravan, cabin, a primitive structure, or no shelter at all. Camping as a recreational activity became popular in the early 20 th century. Universitas Sumatera Utara • Rafting Rafting is the challenging recreational outdoor activity of using an inflatable raft to navigate a river or other bodies of water. This is usually done on white water or different degrees of rough water, in order to thrill and excite the raft passengers. The development of this activity as a leisure sport has become popular since the mid-1970s. it is considered an extreme sport, as it can be dangerous. Universitas Sumatera Utara CHAPTER III DISCUSSION

3.1 History of Bukit Lawang

Bukit Lawang is the name a village situated in North Sumatera on the edge of Gunung Leuser National Park . “Gunung” means “mountain”, “Bukit” means “hill” and “Lawang” means “door” or “gate”, therefore, “Bukit Lawang” means “The Hill which is the Gateway to the Mountain.” Bukit Lawang is most famous for being one of the last places in the world where one can see Orangutans in the wild Bukit Lawang is situated at the eastern side of Gunung Leuser National Park. In 1973, Swiss Organization set up an orangutan rehabilitation center in Bukit Lawang. The purpose of the center was to rehabilitate Orangutan released from captivity. The rangers at the center teach the Orangutan all the necessary skills to survive in the wild. After an intense period of quarantine readjustment to the natural habitat and reintegration in the wild population. The Orangutan is released back into the jungle. All Orangutans released are still monitored by the rangers and they still provide them with supplementary food at the feeding platform until they become fully self reliant. Bukit Lawang nature tourism become a tourist destination has appeal because endangered species of wild semi Sumatran Orangutan observation centre has an area of 200 ha, located in the village of Bukit Lawang, Bahorok district of North Sumatra. Formerly Bukit Lawang is the Orangutan rehabilitation centre for reintroduction back into the docile nature. The history of the Orangutan Rehabilitation Centre in Bukit Lawang started from program run b the WWF and Universitas Sumatera Utara Zoological Society Frankfurd in 1973. Time as a pioneer of the Regina Frey and Monica Borner see that the condition and situation appropriate to be Bukit Lawang Orangutan Rehabilitation Centre. At first Rehabilitation Centre is only visited by researchers and conservationists. In the later development, this area developed into a Sumatran Orangutan Observation Centre Viewing Centre and become one of the mainstay attraction in North Sumatra and visited foreign tourists. Recorded since 1972 to 2001, Bukit Lawang is the Orangutan rehabilitation centre. In this period, 229 former pet orangutans confiscated from wildlife trade have been rehabilitated at this location. Bukit Lawang until now recognized as the best gateway to enjoy the beauty of Gunung Leuser national Park is stunning. Although no longer a place Orangutan rehabilitation and release, the forest around Bukit Lawang still leaves opportunities for tourism activities and observation of Sumatra Orangutans and other species of plants and animals. In the years after the arrival of the rehabilitation center more and more tourists found their way to Bukit Lawang and it became one of the most popular destinations in Sumatra. A flash food hit Bukit Lawang on 2 November 2003. Described by witnesses as a tidal wave, the water was approximately 20 meters high, as it came crashing down the hills, wiping out everything in its path. The disaster which was the result of illegal logging, destroyed the local tourist resorts and had a devastating impact to the local tourism industry. Around 400 houses, 3 mosques, 8 bridges, 280 kiosks and food stalls, 35 inns and guest houses were destroyed by the flood , and 239 people 5 of them tourists were killed and around 1.400 locals Universitas Sumatera Utara lost their homes. After eight months of rebuilding. Bukit Lawang was re-opened again in July 2004. For many villagers the trauma of losing family, friends and their homes has taken a long time to come to terms. The people were facing unemployment and homelessness. It has been a long road to recovery and an especially hard task to rebuild a town with only limited financial assistance from the government. However the people in Bukit Lawang are survivors and the new village is taking shape and more businesses are opening again. Especially the young generation is hoping to rebuild the village in more sustainable way than before and they aware of the importance of preservation of the fragile eco system they live in. They can use all the support they can get and the income of tourism will help them in realizing their ideas for a brighter future for Bukit Lawang.

3.2 The Potential of Bukit Lawang as an Ecotourism