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5. Theory of Personality
Dewey and Humber 1957 state that personality is the product of interaction process and a dynamic concept, self-contained, one which is being a
part of individual p. 236. To study about the personality, it needs a social context because it shapes a persons’ personality.
Freud 1920 believes that personality has three structures which are the id, the ego and the superego.
a. Id
Id is centered on primal impulses, pleasures, desires, unchecked urges and wish fulfillment. Freud 1920 states that the id is totally unconscious and
unaware of its working. The id is driven by the pleasure principle, which strives for immediate gratification of all desires, wants, and needs. The Id consists of all
inherited biological components of personality, including the sex instinct and aggressive instinct. If these needs are not satisfied immediately, the result is a
state anxiety or tension.
b. Ego
Ego is concerned with the conscious, the rational, the moral and the self- aware aspect of mind. The ego develops to mediate between the unrealistic id and
the external real world. The ego operates according to the reality principle, working human realisti
c ways of satisfying the id’s demands.
c. Superego
The superego includes the values and morals of society which are learned from one’s parents and others. The superegos function is to control the ids
20 impulses, especially those which society forbids, such as sex and aggression. It
also has the function of persuading the ego to turn to moralistic goals rather than simply realistic ones and to strive for perfection.
6. Psychological Approach
Freud 1856-1939 believes that human behavior is caused by their early experience. Life is made up of different memories which resulted to what people
are today. It gives influence on how people behave, socialize today. This approach is used to analyze the personality of Celie which affected by her past experience
that appears from her young-life experiences. According to Freud 1920, personality develops through a series of
stages. Each stage is characterized by a certain psychological conflict. The psychoanalytic believes that behaviors and personalities are reflection of the
contents in the mind’s unconscious part. It states that human behavior and personality are the result of the interactions among three component parts of the
mind: id, ego, and superego.
7. Literal Meaning and True Meaning
According to Quinones 2002, literal meaning is what actually happens in it. Literal meaning is on a purely superficial level. It is about what the reader can
see from a literary work. Literal meaning is the meaning which appears or can be noticed directly and can be seen explicitly. In other words, literal meaning can be
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