In regard to the theory, the function of speaking which was promoted on improving the speaking skills belongs to talk as performance. There are
some kinds of activity which could be classified as talk as performance, for example, public speaking activity; speech.
c. Types of Speaking
Brown 2003:141 divides types of speaking performance into five types:
1. Imitative This is the first type of learning speaking. In imitative speaking, the
learners are given more drills. The drills are in the form of language spoken by the teacher or tape recorder. The learners simply imitate they hear from
the teacher or tape recorder. The speaking is not purpose for meaningful interaction, however it only focus on pronunciation and elements of language
form like, pronunciation, stress and intonation. 2. Intensive
The second type of speaking is the intensive speaking. Intensive is he continuity of imitative speaking. In this type of speaking, the learners practice
their speaking skills in the form of response tasks, reading aloud, sentence and dialogue completion; limited picture-cued task, including simple
sequences; and translation up to the simple sentence level. 3. Responsive
Responsive speaking usually can be reflected by giving some assessment tasks which include interaction and test comprehension. However,
the tasks only require short answers. Usually the task is in term of a very short conversation, standard greetings and small talk, simple request and
comments. The learners only are given stimulus in the form of following up questions or retorts.
4. Interactive This type of speaking is almost near to the responsive. The difference
is only in the length and complexity of the interaction. The interaction can be in the form of transactional or interpersonal exchanges. The transactional
interaction has the purpose of exchanging specific information. However, the interpersonal interaction has the purpose of maintaining social relationship.
5. Extensive monologue Finally it is the type of speaking for the intermediate level of learners.
The task of extensive speaking can be in the form of oral production task include speech, oral public speaking, and story-telling. Language style used
is more formal. Thus, the monologue can be planned or impromptu. The example of extensive speaking is casually delivered speech for example my
vacation in the mountain, a recipe for outstanding pasta primavera, recounting the plot of a novel or movie.
To sum up, the type of speaking that the staff of marketing would be improved was extensive. It was because their activity to improve speaking
skills was speech.
d. Micro and Macro Skills of Speaking
