Types Techniques IMPROVING STUDENTS’ WRITING SKILLS THROUGH PICTURE SERIES IN GRADE 8TH SMP NEGERI 1 GAMPING.
D. D.
D. D. Types
Types Types
Types of of
of of data
data data
data
This research has both qualitative and quantitative data. The qualitative data are in the form of field note, interview transcript, and result of questionnaire.
Meanwhile, the quantitative data are in the form of scores that are collected from pretest and posttest.
E. E.
E. E. Techniques
Techniques Techniques
Techniques and and
and and Instruments
Instruments Instruments
Instruments of of
of of Data
Data Data
Data Collection Collection
Collection Collection
The data of this research was obtained through several techniques, such as interviews, observations, tests, and questionnaires. The instruments used in this
research study were in the forms of interview guidelines, writing rubrics and questionnaires. The procedures of the data collection techniques are presented
bellow. 1 Observation
The researcher used this technique to describe the subject activity in the class at a particular time and gain some data about the effect of the
treatment that is implemented to students. The researcher observed teaching and learning process before, during, and after the treatments in the
class. The observation technique provided field notes data about the whole condition during the research to gain information about students’ condition
and behaviors, also to record the research process itself.
2 Interview The researcher conducted interviews to gain the information related to
the teaching and learning process. To obtain the data, she used interview guidelines to interview the English teacher, and the students to collect
complete data about how they see the problems happened in class and the effect of the teaching media used. The data was in the forms of interview
transcripts. Interview was conducted before, after, and during the research. At the
beginning of the research, interview was conducted to gain any information needed for the research. At the end of the teaching and
learning process, the interview asked students’ feedback related to process in learning writing. From the interviews transcript, it could be
concluded whether picture-series could improve students’ writing ability or not.
3 Writing pretest and posttest Writing pretest and posttest were instruments to get information about
students’ writing scores. Both pre- and post-test showed the students’ score included mean, median, and modus. The researcher compared the
score taken within pre-test and post-test to pull the conclusion out. Both tests measured how the treatments affect the students’ writing skill.
Writing pretest gave information about students’ writing scores before the
treatments, while post-test was used to measure the students’ writing scores after the treatments.
4 Questionnaire Questionnaire was used for collecting survey information, providing
structured and numerical data. The type of questionnaire used was in general closed questions in form of rating scales. The questionnaire gave
information about students’ condition after the treatment, to see the effect of using the media toward the improvement of their writing skills.
Below is the table of the types of the data, the instruments used, and the techniques of data collection of the research.
Table 2: Types Types
Types Types of
of of
of data, data,
data, data, instruments,
instruments, instruments,
instruments, and and
and and data
data data
data collection collection
collection collection techniques
techniques techniques
techniques of of
of of the
the the
the research.
research. research.
research. Data