Conceptual Framework LITERATURE REVIEW AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

B. Data and Source of the Data

The object of this research is a movie entitled Temple Grandin. The data in this study were collected from the utterances spoken by Temple Grandin as the main character in this film. This research deals with the context of conversation that was seen from the dialogues in Temple Grandin. The source of data is the script of the movie. The script was taken from: http:www.springfieldspringfield.co.ukmovie_script.php?movie=temple-grandin.

C. Research Instruments

The research involves two instruments showing the analysis. The main instrument of this research is the researcher herself. According to Bogdan and Biklen in Wiersma and Jurs, 2009:236, the researchers should keep written accounts of their own thoughts about the data that were collected. The secondary instrument is the tables as the data sheets.

D. Data Collecting Techniques

The researcher used some steps in collecting the data. The steps are as follows. 1. The researcher collected the data by watching the movie and reading the script 2. The researcher took note Temple Grandin‟s utterances in the movie 3. The researcher compared Temple Grandin‟s utterances whether they are the same as the movie script 4. The researcher selected the data from the movie. 5. The researcher provided two data sheets to categorise the data. The first data sheet is for the categorisation of the kinds of responses given by Temple Grandin, the autistic character in the Temple Grandin movie. Then the second data sheet is for the categorisation of the features of autistic person represented by Temple Grandin, the autistic character in the Temple Grandin movie. 6. The researcher classified the data into data sheets by selecting which part of the script that can become the data, and then putting them into the sheets. The part of the script which became the data is only the utterances spoken by Temple Grandin, the main character of Temple Grandin movie. The form of data sheets are as follows. Table 1. Data Sheet of the Kinds of Responses Given by Temple Grandin CODE SETTING UTTERANCES KINDS OF RESPONSES EXPLANATION CI CR CDI OR RNP MR 01RCI At the airport of Arizona Arizona 1966, Ms Ann picks Temple up at the airport. Temple’s plane just lands at the airport. She gets down from the plane and her aunt, Ms Ann, has waited Temple : It‟s hot shouting Ms Ann : Come on, dear. You‟re holding up the other passengers Temple : I can see the heat Temple is imagining a fire V Temple does not give relevant responses when Ms Ann has her get down from the plane. She feels hot in outside. Note: 01 : Datum number R : Response CI : Cognitively Irrelevant responses CR : Cognitively relevant responses CDI : Cognitively disruptive and socially inappropriate responses OR : Odd responses RNP : More relevant but not too polite responses MR : Marginally relevant responses Table 2. Data Sheet of the Features of Autistic Person Represented by Temple Grandin CODE SETTING UTTERANCES The Features of Autistic Person Explanation IDR NC DE PR RSP MS GRM 01FIDR At the airport of Arizona Arizona 1966, Ms Ann picks Temple up at the airport. Temple’s plane just lands at the airport. She gets down from the plane and her aunt, Ms Ann, has waited Ms Ann : Temple Sandy, over here Invite Sandy to get closer with Temple Temple : Do people live here? Temple is unusual to many people who are in the airport V Temple asks to Aunt Ann about people who are fetching their family at the airport. Temple assumes that they live at the airport because there are so many people there. She shows a problem in inability to develop relationship because she has problem in interaction with many people. Note: 01 : Datum number F : Features of autistic person IDR : Inability to develop relationship NC : Non-communicative use of spoken language DE : Delayed echolalia PR : Pronominal reversal RSP : Repetitive and stereotyped play MS : Maintenance of sameness GRM : Good rote memory

E. Data Analysis Techniques

The data analysis techniques used in this research are divided into some steps. The steps are as presented as follows. 1. The researcher watched the movie and read the script to check 2. The researcher identified the character‟s utterances to categorise the kind of responses and the features of autistic person 3. The researcher recorded and interpreted the data into data sheets 4. The researcher conducted the data triangulation by asking lecturers and friends 5. The researcher took the conclusions based on the result of the research

F. Trustworthiness of the Data

Lincoln and Guba in Elliott, 2004 explain that to gain trustworthiness, the data must be checked against four criteria: credibility, transferability, dependability, and conformability criteria. The researcher used the first level, credibility. Credibility is a concept of internal validity which refers to the extent to which the findings describe the reality accurately to achieve the credibility of the data. The researcher performed deep and detailed observation on the data, so the data could be regarded credible. The researcher read the data carefully and comprehensively until the researcher got certainty that the data were in accordance with the research questions. The credibility of the data is also to get through triangulation. Denzin in Berg, 2001:5 says that triangulation is lines of action that are used to describe multiple data-collection technologies, multiple theories, multiple researchers, multiple methodologies, or combinations of these four categories of research activities. In this research, the types of triangulation technique were by theories and researcher. There were some theories used in the process to support the findings and analyse the data. The researcher also employed triangulation by researcher.