language area, people with language disorder have problems in expressing needs, idea, or information and understanding what the others say.
Language disorder can be caused by some factors. Mostly, some causes of language disorder include hearing loss, neurological disorders, brain injury,
intellectual disabilities, drug abuse, physical impairments such as cleft lip or palate, and vocal abuse. Scovel 2000:70 adds that the language disorder can be
caused by accident, traumatic, or genetic dice. Sleeper 2007:69 categorises language disorders into two types i.e.
language disorder resulted from brain damage and disorders with language component. Several kinds of language disorders resulted from brain damage are
aphasia, dysarthria, and apraxia. Meanwhile, several kinds of language disorders with a speech or language component are schizophrenia and autism.
a. Aphasia
Scovel 2000:73 defines that aphasia is the loss of speech or language because of brain damage. People who suffer from aphasia may have difficulty in
conveying information because they do not have an ability to articulate and comprehend language. The inability in articulating means individuals who suffer
from aphasia know what they want to say but they have trouble in saying or writing what they mean. The inability in comprehending means the sufferers have
difficulty in comprehending or understanding language. They hear the voice or see a text, but they cannot make sense of the words or the meaning from both
sources.
In addition, there are many kinds of aphasia. The most familiar ones are Broca‟s aphasia and Wernicke‟s aphasia. Sleeper 2007:81 defines that Broca‟s
aphasia is a language disorder caused by brain damage which occurs in the frontal lobe of the left hemisphere. This damage can affect speech production. According
to Steinberg 1993:187, the speech and writing in people who suffer from Broca‟s aphasia are meaningful but shortened. The sufferers may be able to
understand spoken language but they have difficulty in grammatical inflection such as lacking the auxiliary „be‟ or the third person present tense „s‟.
According to Sleeper 2007:81, Wernicke‟s aphasia is a language disorder
caused by brain damage which is located in the temporal lobe of the left hemisphere. People who suffer from this aphasia have inability to understand the
language because they have problems in speech comprehension. They have problems in understanding what people say or what people write. They can
produce speech fluently using long sentences, but their speech is meaningless. There is also global aphasia. It is a very terrible condition because it can
affect both speech production and speech comprehension. According to Sleeper 2007:81, Global aphasia occurs when individuals have intensive damage to the
language center of the brain. People who suffer from this aphasia can have difficulty in speaking, understanding, reading and writing.
b. Dysarthria
Dysarthria has a difficulty in articulating speech because of the dysfunction of the muscles of the mouth, face and respiratory system Sleeper,
