Subjective Complement 4 The Function of Gerund As a Subject of Sentences As a Complement After certain verbs. Some verbs always followingwith gerund are : admit, finish, mind,

4. Subjective Complement

Subjective Complement as a predicate noun.  Examples :  A good exercise is swimming.  His favourite pastime is singing.

5. My chief delight is cooking.

Appositive The function of appositive is to give further information on something or someone we had said already in gerund sentence. Appositives are separated from the others word in the sentenced by commas.  Examples :  His hobby, My favourite sport, running, takes a great deal of effort. sailing  , takes a lot of time. His method, shooting and killing, eventually came to an end. Gerund phrases is a phrase that consists of a gerund plus objects and or modifiers. As does the gerund, gerund phrase also serves as a noun in a sentence. Example : 2.2.2. The Gerund Phrase  Seeing the doctor immediately is a good idea.  Swimming in the ocean is very dangerous.  You might get in trouble for faking an illness to avoid work.  I enjoy riding my bike in the morning. From the examples above, seeing, swimming, faking, and riding are a Universitas Sumatera Utara gerund. Then each is added with a gerund the doctor immediately,in the ocean, an illness to avoid work, and my bike in the morning. So the combination of the gerund and the object is shaping up to be what is called a gerund phrases. There are some main subject about gerund phrases:  As noun verbal, gerund in a gerund phrase can be limited by : a An adverb or adverb phrase Examples :  Working smartly is as important as working hard.  Working in a car workshop gives a young man much experience in earning a living. c An adjective andor noun or possesive pronoun Examples:  We are late because of dady’s slow driving.  He resented me being passed over for promotion.  If gerund in gerund phrase is formed from transitive verb, it can use direct object. If gerund is formed from a verb that can use both direct object or indirect object, gerund phrase can use it too. Examples :  Giving the employees a raise will make them happy.  Sending the girl a letter will make her sad. Universitas Sumatera Utara  Gerund phrases in a sentence can function as subject, object, object of the preposition, and appositive. Examples of gerund phrases as subject :  Working hard from nine to six is one way to earn your bread and butter.  Eating breakfast on time is advisable.  Smoking too much is not good for health. Example of gerund phrases as objects :  The supervisor appreciates your working so hard in campus.  I intend doing my homework tonight.  I begin studying English seriously. Example of gerund phrases as objects of the preposition :  After receiving your money, we bought many books.  I am tired of studying alone.  We will not be successful without working seriously every time. Example of gerund phrases as appositive :  Her suggestion, building a dam to harness the power of water, was well received.  The best exercise, walking briskly, is also the least expensive  My hobby, juggling flaming torches, is not expensive.  When you want to make a negative sentence, just add a note in front of gerund phrases, for examples :  Not having a friend is lonely.  I intend not doing my homework tonight. Universitas Sumatera Utara  As a noun, gerund phrases often use the possessive adjective in front of it. Examples :  Thank you for your coming.  Her singing is slow. .  My dancing is not good as yours.  My feeling says that.  Your visiting will make me happy. Note : Your coming, her singing, my dancing, my feeling, and your visiting is that using your gerund phrases, her, and my a possessive adjective to noun behind it.

2.3 Some Rules in Gerund 1.

Noun + Preposition + Gerund Some words used in this pola, they are : advantage of, choice of, intention of, problem of, difference between, solution to, excuse for, method for, reason for, possibility . Examples :  The advantage of counsuming vegetables is good for our healthy.  We have many choice of cooking meals.  The intention of studying this subject is to know our history.  Jack has solution to solving your problem.  George has no excuse for dropping out of school.  There is no reason for leaving this early. Universitas Sumatera Utara 2. Adjective + Preposition + Gerund Some words used in this pola, they are : afraid of, good at, responsible of, tired of, interested in, excited about, nervous about, clever at, fond of, accustomed. Examples :  They are afraid of eating some pizza.  The students are responsible for cleaning this classroom.  He was tired of walking around mall.  I am very excited about visiting Bali.  John is nervous about standing in front of this class.  The man is clever at playing football. 3. Verb + Preposition + Gerund Pyle and Ellen 2002:85 say, “If a verb + preposition, adjective + preposition, noun + preposition, or preposition alone is followed directly by a verb, the verbs will always be in the gerund form. The following list consists of verb + preposition”. They are: think about, think of, keep on, insist on, succed in, count on, depend on, give up, look forward to,get used to, appove of” Examples :  I will think about finishing this paper early.  My father is thinking of going to Canada next month.  The baby kept on crying.  Mary insisted on taking the bus instead of the plane Universitas Sumatera Utara  Succes may depend on becoming more patient.  My uncle gave up smoking because of his doctor’s advice. 4. Preposition + Gerund Some words used in this pola, they are : besides, by, despite, without, before, while, instead of, after, as well as. Examples :  Besides keeping her food, she also walks every morning.  They famous by speaking english language fluently.  Despite raining, she wants to meet her boyfriend.  They bought a car without asking before.  Please have a drink before leaving.  I slept while reading a novel.  I will call you after arriving in campus. 5. Verb + Object + Preposition + Gerund Some verb used in this pola, they are: accuse of, stop for, thank for, forgive for, prevent for, congratulate on, suspect of, warn about. Examples :  They were accused of breaking the table.  Jessica stopped for dieting.  I forgive for being late.  I absolutely thank for helping me.  I can’t prevent my friend from stealing money. Universitas Sumatera Utara  I wanted to congratulate you on making  We warned them against using this computer. such a good speech.

2. 4 The Function of Gerund

There are eight function of gerund in a sentences :

1. As a Subject of Sentences

Pyle and Ellen 2002: 74 says, “If a sentences begins with verb + ing gerund, the verb must also be singular”. It means that gerund as subject of sentence is always in front of sentences and also be singular. Examples :  Dieting is very popular today.  Writing many letters makes her happy.  Reading a newspaper is my father hobby.  Listening requires patience.  Sleeping is necessary to heath. 2. As a Object of Sentences Examples :  He enjoys hunting tourists in Yuki.  My father hates getting up late.  They don’t remember closing the window.  I like reading foregin novel.  He loves teaching very much. Universitas Sumatera Utara

3. As a Complement

A gerund clause can be a subject complement after the auxiliary be Example : is, am, are, was, were .  One of his duties is attending meetings.  His best talent is teaching.  My favorite activity in leasure time is  fishing.  Rina is preparing meals for her husband. 4. My father hobby is reading a newspaper. After a preposition. Preposition following with gerund are : after, before, to, about, with, without, at, on, by.  After cooking, I will go to bookstore. Examples :  Before watching the movie, we must buy tickets.  He confessed to stealing the jewels.  She speaks about getting a new job.  We agree with sleeping tonight.  She speaks without thinking before.  She is good at painting.  Theyre keen on windsurfing.  She avoided him by walking on the opposite side of the road. Universitas Sumatera Utara

5. After certain verbs. Some verbs always followingwith gerund are : admit, finish, mind,

stop, postpone, consider,tolerate. Examples :  He admitted stealing the laptop.  She finished studying about ten  Would you mind helping me with this table?  I can’t stop loving you.  Let’s postpone leaving until tomorrow.  I will consider going with you.  My teacher won’t tolerate cheating during an examination. 6. After certainly idioms expressions Examples :  It’s no use crying like a baby.  It’s no good getting someone in trouble.  There is no knowing what may happen.  There is no harm in visiting her now.  I take pleasure in visiting the sick  He was interested in learning more about my work.  The girl was ashamed of having been beaten in class by her brother. Universitas Sumatera Utara

7. After possesive adjectives Examples :